tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-52121695239864037882024-02-20T08:43:50.804+00:00Amateur Radio AstronomyNotes of interest about amateur radio astronomy and other realms of amateur science.radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-78625243425304337982022-06-11T07:28:00.001+01:002023-10-21T05:47:10.896+01:00RF Noise Source NF-1000 SZ evaluation<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO7Yi2oH2bEDFwJzwq2P2b5rV2-4a706COUgtymRae4nvM8AQNH1ZS4emTi447F-DfZ5U8UrKsK3E21Zv2qC5BQhd_p2hNfNqEytU5xrz5b6zAfDzQcvdXXJjxw9jDMzpJH99XBLuVGN7tvfXy26Q27wWfE5DMuvtnnjr1c5tM-wYRE2trgyFNcLJZ/s3552/NS-front.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1948" data-original-width="3552" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO7Yi2oH2bEDFwJzwq2P2b5rV2-4a706COUgtymRae4nvM8AQNH1ZS4emTi447F-DfZ5U8UrKsK3E21Zv2qC5BQhd_p2hNfNqEytU5xrz5b6zAfDzQcvdXXJjxw9jDMzpJH99XBLuVGN7tvfXy26Q27wWfE5DMuvtnnjr1c5tM-wYRE2trgyFNcLJZ/w588-h297/NS-front.jpg" width="588" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>I have been working on an automated step calibrator project in recent months, so I was excited when I saw the device shown above on eBay. The descriptions calls it the NF-1000 SZ, but you won't find that model number anywhere on the device. The NF-1000 SZ contains a broadband radio frequency noise generator in conjunction with a 31.5 dB step attenuator. The rated output is -10 dBm to -40 dBm however my units maximum output was only -47 dBm! Obviously, this is way out of spec! I could just send it back, but I just had to look inside to see if there might be some simple problem.</p><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheFAXfmU-g3jigkQ1KNIl0KU4DJgMaJI2jAwK71ejJd_p8-isNx0TCjXTI5hhVUlfrK4U7DsB0dbCqKdE9sU95BC2pe7Sv-Paed8-71VZgtlqOSG6zVKf0ErH9o7q5HI_CnCnRelesUP4s3RVmGKARAb5BjsRoh6-xEGLQAdCHLzVcTEVuVLL02LvB/s660/NS_block.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="660" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheFAXfmU-g3jigkQ1KNIl0KU4DJgMaJI2jAwK71ejJd_p8-isNx0TCjXTI5hhVUlfrK4U7DsB0dbCqKdE9sU95BC2pe7Sv-Paed8-71VZgtlqOSG6zVKf0ErH9o7q5HI_CnCnRelesUP4s3RVmGKARAb5BjsRoh6-xEGLQAdCHLzVcTEVuVLL02LvB/w446-h290/NS_block.png" width="446" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Noise generator block diagram. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>The general design of the NF-1000 SZ follows that of other noise sources. RF noise is extracted from a Zener diode junction and sent through several stages of amplification. A number of eBay noise generator modules follow this scheme. The neat thing about the NF-1000 SZ is that it also includes a step attenuator at the output of its noise source. There are a number of step attenuators and noise sources out there, but no one is putting them together.<div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8k7rZUSXjz49LA-73gnPod7Yv503Zr0LuRngB791RRiq__xgt1z8xNklB2U_HvC-jkP8r5MbMSe79lWiVnWqr-MIRUzFDfYUJ4XZO7fEnBRAamygg0a2ZQemSuFDYHW4Du2rleB3eNUdDqigJJZZecIDNn38vPnAqeqiLdHODb697LmeTN3WMy2Sq/s2943/NS-shields.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2943" data-original-width="2532" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8k7rZUSXjz49LA-73gnPod7Yv503Zr0LuRngB791RRiq__xgt1z8xNklB2U_HvC-jkP8r5MbMSe79lWiVnWqr-MIRUzFDfYUJ4XZO7fEnBRAamygg0a2ZQemSuFDYHW4Du2rleB3eNUdDqigJJZZecIDNn38vPnAqeqiLdHODb697LmeTN3WMy2Sq/s320/NS-shields.jpg" width="275" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shielded rf sections in the RF-1000.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>After opening the case, I was pleasantly surprised to see the rf sections were shielded. Luckily, the shields snap on and off without de-soldering. Under those lids however, things weren't so pretty. The first thing you notice is that the unit is hand soldered, and not so neatly done. The amplifiers are probably MMIC amplifiers, but the identifier has been ground off. (silly). </div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi54KDHa8XwctHy0b5iJucEtgZ0pGHwlL-_7pcqjHjTV5BlOSM_MvgsKeeJEdzNOvM8uqz-owYBQl1oALjoa6WRBafTMz5rPosONTRJOqPEAQZ6aBGFCvYqx-OeTyuog802J9V5axaFnApTOFOkICV4G2S2xEzUAgWyrzrbWP_AG7hTgl1buBnzRwWF/s3531/NSamps_annotated.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1722" data-original-width="3531" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi54KDHa8XwctHy0b5iJucEtgZ0pGHwlL-_7pcqjHjTV5BlOSM_MvgsKeeJEdzNOvM8uqz-owYBQl1oALjoa6WRBafTMz5rPosONTRJOqPEAQZ6aBGFCvYqx-OeTyuog802J9V5axaFnApTOFOkICV4G2S2xEzUAgWyrzrbWP_AG7hTgl1buBnzRwWF/w640-h312/NSamps_annotated.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div>The signal flow in the rf sections above runs from the Zener diode noise source on the far right and through the three MMIC amplifiers before exiting to the attenuator to the upper left. The noise signal is coupled through a capacitor to the input pin of the first amplifier. The amplifier IC takes its B+ at the RF output pin, here about 4.7V after passing through L1 and its series dropping resistor. This arrangement is repeated with each amplifier stage. </div><div><br /></div><div>Now here is the odd thing. There are places for the inclusion of pi style attenuators after each stage. You will see this in most designs. It is good practice because it presents a stable impedance to the outputs and inputs of each amplifier. MMICs generally have good gain into the microwave region and require near 50 ohms impedance to work into or they can be unstable. In the NF-1000 SZ each attenuator "pad" should be populated with three resistors as represented by the green ones that I drew in above. Where the series resistor of the pi network should be, the manufacturer has placed a 000 ohm resistor, a short.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIN_u84wIOQD5f1yqKImudJvhQPsgNyEYlwHwM6MiGYXqQ-xsTbAbJZrT2-Zy-9btN_W7enmusVHALE7dPMsukxVXcFziSRIScWh0OcKFyI83aPumeAzhZ_fxKnguaQMGXkORjqpEZRwN0BElDUjTxD-_B2w6ZWiD49MAoRBA1n5gGWGXnCJHva2B8/s1183/Attn_IC.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1017" data-original-width="1183" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIN_u84wIOQD5f1yqKImudJvhQPsgNyEYlwHwM6MiGYXqQ-xsTbAbJZrT2-Zy-9btN_W7enmusVHALE7dPMsukxVXcFziSRIScWh0OcKFyI83aPumeAzhZ_fxKnguaQMGXkORjqpEZRwN0BElDUjTxD-_B2w6ZWiD49MAoRBA1n5gGWGXnCJHva2B8/s320/Attn_IC.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The attenuator chip also has it's markings scratched off but I believe it is the BDA4710 device shown below.. All of the pins match. Oddly though, they don't take advantage of its ability to control the chip in 0.25 dB steps. They spec at 0.5 dB steps, though the display allows any hundredths precision value to be input. Also the upper frequency for the NF-1000 SZ is 1.5 GHz though the attenuator specs to 8 GHz. Of course, other things limit the upper frequency like the mystery amplifier ICs. They could also have greatly increased the usefulness of their design by incorporating 2 of these attenuator chips and allowed for 63 dB of range. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOc-6n7UN_ehm2KtAa8Ku0rSoc8pr_Ka1dsC1v8oaArXrJ8yn6SmItrIPSV-in1S3DGizFSxnl4WBvPKbcAjtkRAFS6qNG_EMuXmvGWeiuh3uRlt2vhh6a3RNZGbs0f0x6ku9tY1PxdfcSPWijX33jxc84lR3nwetOfCX2hwUsUDujksnBd4xIlqIO/s707/AttnChip.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="646" data-original-width="707" height="592" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOc-6n7UN_ehm2KtAa8Ku0rSoc8pr_Ka1dsC1v8oaArXrJ8yn6SmItrIPSV-in1S3DGizFSxnl4WBvPKbcAjtkRAFS6qNG_EMuXmvGWeiuh3uRlt2vhh6a3RNZGbs0f0x6ku9tY1PxdfcSPWijX33jxc84lR3nwetOfCX2hwUsUDujksnBd4xIlqIO/w650-h592/AttnChip.PNG" width="650" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>The serial interface is simple enough and seems to work OK. Also, in its favor, the noise output across the HF bands is pretty darn flat, close to 1 dB flatness. </div><div><br /></div><div>Note: In an earlier edition of this post I failed to take into account bandwidth as it relates to the power rating of the generator. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-78046350737776065112022-04-18T08:06:00.001+01:002022-04-21T02:12:51.407+01:00Notes on the DC-3G-90DB-V2 Attenuator <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgoN_xvDvMhTcKy5sJtuTQC0W-CmVyXlogdOyJStFJ3jZIyAD__L3PRalwtd4U-bVv3mLB1yd_0xTJ-Ru0nC_kU6s9UZSiNe_nPrR9ikft7LA4E_4VoTSgjdQ2mp6gtTURYJgllNELqK9Yait53vehR9SgfU_pemG0b03-mYeDjB8tQG4EAnohxmFoX" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="933" data-original-width="1024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgoN_xvDvMhTcKy5sJtuTQC0W-CmVyXlogdOyJStFJ3jZIyAD__L3PRalwtd4U-bVv3mLB1yd_0xTJ-Ru0nC_kU6s9UZSiNe_nPrR9ikft7LA4E_4VoTSgjdQ2mp6gtTURYJgllNELqK9Yait53vehR9SgfU_pemG0b03-mYeDjB8tQG4EAnohxmFoX" width="263" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p>I've been working on a simple step calibrator design for the <a href="http://radiojove.gsfc.nasa.gov" target="_blank">Radio JOVE 2</a> project. The attenuator will be controlled via the <a href="https://radiosky.com/specdownload.html" target="_blank">Radio-Sky Spectrograph</a> program. Our primary interests lie in the frequency range from about 15 to 30 MHz. The current design incorporates multiple 32 dB attenuator modules. Recently, I found the DC-3G-90DB-V2 attenuator module on eBay and quickly ordered one in hopes that it could simplify our design. The module sold with the following specs:</p><p><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">- DC to 3 GHz frequency range </span></p><p><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">- 94.5 dB maximum attenuation</span></p><p><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">- Power supply voltage: +5V (TYPE-C power supply)</span><br style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">- Input and output impedance: 50 ohms</span><br style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">- Minimum attenuation step: 0.5DB</span><br style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">- Size: Length*Width=5.6*4CM (excluding SMA size); Height: 1.5CM</span><br style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">- Supports both USB and TTL serial communication</span><br style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">- RF input & output ports: SMA female connector</span><br style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;" /></p><p><span face="Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif" style="font-size: 15px;">The </span>DC-3G-90DB-V2 has its own OLED color display, as shown above, and can be controlled by 5 push buttons. The USB-C connection powers the unit and if connected via computer you can set the attenuation via the 115kB USB-serial connection. In order to get my Win 10 computer to see the USB com port, I had to install the STM virtual com port driver at:</p><p><a href="https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-utilities/stsw-stm32102.html?">https://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/development-tools/software-development-tools/stm32-software-development-tools/stm32-utilities/stsw-stm32102.html?</a></p><p>I used the simple serial port monitor in the Arduino IDE, but you can use any serial terminal program to access the com port. Make sure you have the terminal program set up to send a carriage return and line feed (CRLF) with each command. The advertised format is <b>ATT-xx.xx</b> plus <i><b>Enter</b></i>. The device will return with <b>ATT-OK</b> for a successful command. Even though the attenuator only produces attenuation in half dB steps, it is possible to set the fractional portion of the attenuation to values other than 0 or 5. I see no reason for having to display the attenuation to the hundredths place other than it looks impressive to the buyer. I spent quite a bit of time trying to get the serial control to work, but it looks as if my seller has now added information to the listing that would have saved me some experimentation. </p><p>An odd thing about the format is how it interprets the command if you don't use the entire four digits and decimal. </p><p><b> </b><span style="color: #274e13;"><b>ATT-34.50 + CRLF</b> </span> produces -34.50</p><p><b><span style="color: #274e13;">ATT-34.5 + CRLF</span></b> produces -34.50</p><p>so the last digit is totally unnecessary.</p><p>Assume the current attenuation is displayed as "-34.50"</p><p><b><span style="color: #274e13;">ATT-4 + CRLF</span></b> produces -44.50 !</p><p>So sending only one digit will only affect the tens of decibels. In order to change the units column, you must specify two digits, the tens and the units.</p><p>Assume the current attenuation is displayed as "-34.50", then</p><p><b><span style="color: #274e13;">ATT+47 + CRLF</span></b> produces -47.50</p><p>In order to toggle the half of a decibel digit you must specify either xx.0 or xx.5. You can specify any two digits in the fractional part and the module will obediently display it, however, the attenuator chips will not be able to comply with anything other than zero or 0.5 decibels. If you always specify xx.x you will be fine but be careful using shortcuts from your terminal program or code.</p><p>I have not tried communicating with the DC-3G-90DB-V2 via the TTL connection. This will require soldering a header to access the TTL serial pins. When I (or you) do, lets not forget that the TTL serial connection will run at 9600 baud, something that just appeared on the vendor's listing.</p><p><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">There is a Problem!</h2><p>The Radio JOVE calibrator will be composed of a broad banded radio frequency noise source fed through the computer controlled step attenuator. One of the things we want see with our calibrator is how sensitive the receiver is to weak signals from Jupiter. It is necessary that we can control the signal level from the calibrator to a very low level. There is a broad assumption that the noise spectrum generated is as flat as possible. I was thus very disappointed to see that the DC-3G-90DB-V2 produces noise of its own. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9X8n6q4OLeDzK_Aid_5k41WyppVPWZ9OsQueVH4Ve6md2z3IkVS_iiyvnIUHgXSRU-3pcI_pfaBMC7g-i1vsknS6ePE_re1K9XNIdH2Ot6hqQvvMc_-rFvLWL6Jro9fEksuqXWYj-0jgX1oZ-CVSjSux0Nwtqc_2OUrCJ7yqJpcPf92Y52NBICAZM/s558/Spike_at_21MHz.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="407" data-original-width="558" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9X8n6q4OLeDzK_Aid_5k41WyppVPWZ9OsQueVH4Ve6md2z3IkVS_iiyvnIUHgXSRU-3pcI_pfaBMC7g-i1vsknS6ePE_re1K9XNIdH2Ot6hqQvvMc_-rFvLWL6Jro9fEksuqXWYj-0jgX1oZ-CVSjSux0Nwtqc_2OUrCJ7yqJpcPf92Y52NBICAZM/w640-h466/Spike_at_21MHz.PNG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><br /></div>The above image shows one of many signals arising from microprocessor circuitry in the DC-3G-90DB-V2. The input port is terminated with a 50 ohm calibration load and the signal is being measured with a SDRPlay-1A and SDRuno software. This signal and others would contaminate our calibrations for these frequencies. Though it was well below our lowest frequency of interest, I took a look at the 180m band and found a totally unacceptable level of digital noise:<div><br /><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBUq5UHAbUryJyiRtm1V37lHcu-LUgnaVJdsDP1t_zvXSNEq1GERTi854_UvAnPs472L_BRQ0M1uFo3t8sY8MJNLIWtA1rHgQXXO3s1dasKj0GTdoRsRJO3VSGAriYvlPj_5C-vLokBAoRK5lx6anbwXROywvIMia_Fc4xUgSOMG4pjr7B5r5VmJ9Z/s995/160mBand.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="456" data-original-width="995" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBUq5UHAbUryJyiRtm1V37lHcu-LUgnaVJdsDP1t_zvXSNEq1GERTi854_UvAnPs472L_BRQ0M1uFo3t8sY8MJNLIWtA1rHgQXXO3s1dasKj0GTdoRsRJO3VSGAriYvlPj_5C-vLokBAoRK5lx6anbwXROywvIMia_Fc4xUgSOMG4pjr7B5r5VmJ9Z/w640-h294/160mBand.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Noise generated by the microprocessor circuitry in the DC-3G-90DB-V2 attenuator module.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /><h4 style="text-align: left;">Screwdriver time</h4><p>The DC-3G-90DB-V2 is built upon a very nice milled case. Four tiny screws and standoffs support the Lucite cover that protects the screen.</p><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBUxNxyxqw8lXLOwsKTHG0nf5SgHtoPIORsldluIY_q_hVloT1By4n861lMgacLv9hb0b8-8gQ-lmjxrm1OGjbI6J8qF0KrLT0ms38iyhCSK1kMYWAfKODGl0yVfGys6EeXHfwAZm4TFtAEIMhe0paTXS-v5n-Tb7PVovTwIUDG-u5qH6sPINK748T/s2016/IMG_3947.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBUxNxyxqw8lXLOwsKTHG0nf5SgHtoPIORsldluIY_q_hVloT1By4n861lMgacLv9hb0b8-8gQ-lmjxrm1OGjbI6J8qF0KrLT0ms38iyhCSK1kMYWAfKODGl0yVfGys6EeXHfwAZm4TFtAEIMhe0paTXS-v5n-Tb7PVovTwIUDG-u5qH6sPINK748T/w480-h640/IMG_3947.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside the DC-3G-90DB-V2 step attenuator. The milled box on the left contains three attenuator chips with their identifying marks scratched out. Likewise, the microprocessor (MPU), a STM32 variety, has its model obscured. The ribbon cable takes power and control lines from the micro board to the attenuator board.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p>This is the layout I was hoping to find. Had the attenuator chips resided on the same board as the MPU, there would be no way to isolate the attenuator rf signal path from the noisy microprocessor. I thought it might be possible to shield the attenuator board with thin sheet of brass. The signal levels on the ribbon cable change only when the attenuators are set to a new value and thus should not be conductors of the rfi ,(radio frequency interference) </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw6D91oNfn83A9hDnaUjQw1FurRbVfbRYzCEOdWqotzoUyvV7vXiN-wc5WA2uSHfmnyOKN3aCk9OPKYOPCBpMPXZtMREjLs_eCmwasNuIeGAmcushj-4cx3hPYJO7YzPVEUw9Jz0uv4nSflmCImTOAQsneVTgvkzVGeP9GicEOlnb9c_HweaPVj9nr/s1073/IMG_3946.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="803" data-original-width="1073" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw6D91oNfn83A9hDnaUjQw1FurRbVfbRYzCEOdWqotzoUyvV7vXiN-wc5WA2uSHfmnyOKN3aCk9OPKYOPCBpMPXZtMREjLs_eCmwasNuIeGAmcushj-4cx3hPYJO7YzPVEUw9Jz0uv4nSflmCImTOAQsneVTgvkzVGeP9GicEOlnb9c_HweaPVj9nr/s320/IMG_3946.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A thin sheet of hobby brass is cut with scissors to act as a rf shield between the MPU and attenuator boards. The corners are removed to allow screws to pass and a section is removed to accommodate the ribbon cable. The side facing the MPU board has a layer of electrical tape to prevent any shorting.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRj6_-xb2cinUM535Bg3f0WzHBL3nIP20UjVOmt0fCBxO3sqVElxuBRQ4hE_wkMrNqxPZgWIIcmQ_7JoqV4_INL1qQ4xR-kKWIfKeDyYKhvVDh10F_taRLQZ0SdkMvEL_ql0vSs5yTAnwMIZ5JCsRP7aMB7GShlUQnJgF1-2KM7kRAeQ0kkADC412F/s1323/IMG_3945.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1226" data-original-width="1323" height="371" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRj6_-xb2cinUM535Bg3f0WzHBL3nIP20UjVOmt0fCBxO3sqVElxuBRQ4hE_wkMrNqxPZgWIIcmQ_7JoqV4_INL1qQ4xR-kKWIfKeDyYKhvVDh10F_taRLQZ0SdkMvEL_ql0vSs5yTAnwMIZ5JCsRP7aMB7GShlUQnJgF1-2KM7kRAeQ0kkADC412F/w400-h371/IMG_3945.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shield in place and ready to be screwed down.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>Before closing things up I tried to improve the brass edge with a bit of DeoxIT 5. </p><p>I am happy to say that this inexpensive fix totally eliminated the problem in 15 to 30 MHz band. I cannot detect the numerous interference spikes using our software. Below 5 MHz things look better but not perfect. I did not run tests above 30 MHz and so cannot vouch for the usefulness of this hack at VHF and above. I suspect the self induced - rfi problem fades in significance at higher frequencies/harmonics and also when the attenuator is being used for tasks other than with a weak signal calibration. I hope the manufacturer will see this as a way they can improve future versions of their product.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD38JWuGzop1fOzgjyEuVbXbPhl99qA8bHWAJXElfwUn5TdGp6Nll1ujtctPgzI4btPYFlQnDjWJbOLskIF7oF3RQ0wONd4vN8Nmx2AXZcycXgjOzqg0rXXoiwRRLqKAvKP_Pb3yoWCt0GEHoFXbqlrgT9K9HEiN2Q4Ltn7vruHvbSctOBpq8ej9gJ/s501/Fixed.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="369" data-original-width="501" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD38JWuGzop1fOzgjyEuVbXbPhl99qA8bHWAJXElfwUn5TdGp6Nll1ujtctPgzI4btPYFlQnDjWJbOLskIF7oF3RQ0wONd4vN8Nmx2AXZcycXgjOzqg0rXXoiwRRLqKAvKP_Pb3yoWCt0GEHoFXbqlrgT9K9HEiN2Q4Ltn7vruHvbSctOBpq8ej9gJ/w640-h472/Fixed.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View showing the complete absence of the 21.27 MHz spur after applying the brass shield. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p><br /></p><p> </p></div></div>radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-60866909566875750812021-08-29T06:09:00.000+01:002021-08-29T06:09:26.431+01:00Overview of SDR Connections for Radio-Sky Spectrograph<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjugZdx7i_TVZTCWKDevm24rE5cZb0vfl0OAFjdRfWPLzf1wewNqmDoFZNR03WMjge-GojKnFAXS00YN-NUMCRtXhW_q2J4R_mPyYGkiTsCK9q0MklCv5dKRax19aRIIPDMKpJ9x3IytWg/s1086/SolarK4LED.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="1086" height="322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjugZdx7i_TVZTCWKDevm24rE5cZb0vfl0OAFjdRfWPLzf1wewNqmDoFZNR03WMjge-GojKnFAXS00YN-NUMCRtXhW_q2J4R_mPyYGkiTsCK9q0MklCv5dKRax19aRIIPDMKpJ9x3IytWg/w618-h322/SolarK4LED.png" width="618" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Solar activity captured by K4LED using a RX888 SDR and Radio-Sky Spectrograph.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>Radio-Sky Spectrograph (RSS) is a free Windows program that provides a means to view and save radio spectrograms. RSS was created to support a series of custom frequency sweeping receivers used by the Radio Jove Project. Several years ago I added the ability to use an RTL dongle receiver (RTL Bridge), and this was further enhanced by CM2ESP's RTLW[ide] interface that allows you to achieve spectra widths of up to 30 MHz!</p><p>Other contributors have provided interfaces for other SDRs (SDRPlay) and SDR Programs (SDR# and SDR Console). By creating "plugins" for SDR# and SDR Console, these authors have in essence given RSS the ability to receive data from a large number of SDR models. To see the models supported by these programs, please visit their websites. I expect the list to get even longer over time.</p><p>It is my hope that having these free tools available will encourage some to experiment and enjoy capturing some of the magnificent radio spectrographs of Sun and Jupiter activity that we have seen over the years. And dare I hope that a few will be interested in becoming more involved in the science that can be done with today's inexpensive equipment.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfoTt37QgvjtS4EcoQX08IDPlGieZobk2K-hWnK-HIZS_xCf8S3lyCc4OZ523lQjhSUyWlq0U15rjBQgCBdN3Zz4cURw6iyem-zQDTdMjM9xaUg-JhNKXy9rcp1D3M7Ibmfnd74pUR0Vw/s1289/SDRs2RSS_diagram.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="1289" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfoTt37QgvjtS4EcoQX08IDPlGieZobk2K-hWnK-HIZS_xCf8S3lyCc4OZ523lQjhSUyWlq0U15rjBQgCBdN3Zz4cURw6iyem-zQDTdMjM9xaUg-JhNKXy9rcp1D3M7Ibmfnd74pUR0Vw/w664-h448/SDRs2RSS_diagram.png" width="664" /></a></div>Links:<div><br /></div><div>Radio-Sky Spectrograph <a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe">http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe</a></div><div>RSS Introduction <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2013/08/radio-sky-spectrograph.html">http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2013/08/radio-sky-spectrograph.html</a></div><div><br /></div><div>SDR Console Program <a href="https://www.sdr-radio.com/download">https://www.sdr-radio.com/download</a></div><div>SDR Console Interface for RSS <a href="http://www.101science.com/RJ/SDRc2RSS.exe">http://www.101science.com/RJ/SDRc2RSS.exe</a><br /><p>SDR# Program <a href="https://airspy.com/download/">https://airspy.com/download/</a></p><p>RTL Wide Spectrum by CM2ESP <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2015/09/">http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2015/09/</a></p><p>Using SDRPlay SDRs with RSS <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2016/08/sdrplay-receiver-support-for-radio-sky.html">http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2016/08/sdrplay-receiver-support-for-radio-sky.html</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p></div>radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-46284793330148578752021-05-13T23:40:00.002+01:002021-09-23T09:07:17.754+01:00A look at the Tronson RA-1728A RF Step Attenuator<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1FZM-wB0HVLJQvHVP28qkxy3qQjWk-oTwKZpJELiRRA_OQR2kqQ1ucdzz8WZEh720LK1f4F2TqRJS9HepRDNx5_MjNDqzfmb0H14ziQRpKAYDdM9GQ87ofb8nonfYkZ657McAPLBNumA/s2597/AttenuatorTest.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1211" data-original-width="2597" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1FZM-wB0HVLJQvHVP28qkxy3qQjWk-oTwKZpJELiRRA_OQR2kqQ1ucdzz8WZEh720LK1f4F2TqRJS9HepRDNx5_MjNDqzfmb0H14ziQRpKAYDdM9GQ87ofb8nonfYkZ657McAPLBNumA/w603-h281/AttenuatorTest.jpg" width="603" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The eBay purchased step attenuator being probed by the mighty NanoVNA.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>You may have noticed the sudden bounty of 50 ohm step attenuators on eBay for about $30. I am not sure they are all branded the same way but the one I purchased had the brand name "Tronson" and the model number RA-1728A. This device seems outwardly to be based on the common Kay brand attenuators that have been around for many decades. </p><p>The heavy metal case is easily taken apart with 6 screws, and that is of course the first thing I did. Inside, there were no real surprises, except I was thinking there might be a circuit board. The attenuator is hand wired using an extremely thin gauge wire that appears to be tinned. The attenuators are pi configured resistors constructed right on the toggle switch body. Many commercial and homebrew rf step attenuators are constructed this way. The unit uses 1% 1/4 watt resistors, except on the 20 dB steps where the top of the pi is a 5% 100K resistor. Not sure why they cut that corner..</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQaDgKOstz5jB6DQOtfHYcOZPxpff-TRlbvd2cn6EBqEE7PAnjC88ncz3lcnpG9ytZSUKMD-h-JnFvKL1NbwWvLrcCmQ78pKT-fxP4HT_FAv1FtB5EniyhD3MJBsjkHKozaxguJnJZq6s/s2969/AttenuatorGuts.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1059" data-original-width="2969" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQaDgKOstz5jB6DQOtfHYcOZPxpff-TRlbvd2cn6EBqEE7PAnjC88ncz3lcnpG9ytZSUKMD-h-JnFvKL1NbwWvLrcCmQ78pKT-fxP4HT_FAv1FtB5EniyhD3MJBsjkHKozaxguJnJZq6s/w557-h179/AttenuatorGuts.jpg" width="557" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside the step attenuator. A bit disappointing.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>The workmanship isn't the best, but it is hard to say how much that affects the unit's operation below 30 MHz. I made a few measurements using my $50 NanoVNA. The NanoVNA appears to be fairly accurate below 150 MHz, despite the low cost. There are plenty of blogs and videos out there discussing these amazing little tools. I had to use two adapters on each end of the attenuator to match the SO-239 sockets to the tiny SMA connectors on the NanoVNA. The adapter reactances couldn't be included in the calibration so may have some affect on the measurements especially at higher frequencies. </p><p>I ran the sweep from 1 to 150 MHz, thinking that surely the 2 meter band would be pushing the limits of the attenuators usefulness. That was just a guess but I think the measurements confirmed my hunch. I ran the test with two different attenuations 10dB, and 20dB. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf8Ux1xApANXrGRuKVHbkhqysvFkh314-Let_6dGae9Cnw25gj7zeAOmNgiG0YoWfYV2Z6QCbm_XWsteZ6aZ7_uQ79Huq7GxKLQEQlkCxT3m1FcRs_718E8MNvyqQEX5e7S6D4mNeifYE/s408/RA-1728A_Loss.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="401" data-original-width="408" height="379" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf8Ux1xApANXrGRuKVHbkhqysvFkh314-Let_6dGae9Cnw25gj7zeAOmNgiG0YoWfYV2Z6QCbm_XWsteZ6aZ7_uQ79Huq7GxKLQEQlkCxT3m1FcRs_718E8MNvyqQEX5e7S6D4mNeifYE/w385-h379/RA-1728A_Loss.PNG" width="385" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The upper violet colored trace is with the attenuation set to 10 dB. The bottom trace (dark green) is with the attenuator set to 20 dB. Notice that while the 10 dB setting slowly increased attenuation with higher frequencies, the 20 dB setting quickly loses more than 5 dB of attenuation as it approaches 150 MHz.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgORW5VVOuLSBV9V5OlwOdXQ86YntZm9trWoYkTTxr9y5vQikIV2K-4AD1K2xYxAYRLxGuuuaBgPYUG_SnYFP3bmW2KXj9lX3nrL1SWuTJCYhq9Ah6SlnKzflaQJs9Qn4VaD8tUcbs3rXU/s409/RA-1728A_SWR.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="406" data-original-width="409" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgORW5VVOuLSBV9V5OlwOdXQ86YntZm9trWoYkTTxr9y5vQikIV2K-4AD1K2xYxAYRLxGuuuaBgPYUG_SnYFP3bmW2KXj9lX3nrL1SWuTJCYhq9Ah6SlnKzflaQJs9Qn4VaD8tUcbs3rXU/s320/RA-1728A_SWR.PNG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some people like to think in terms of SWR and this is their plot. Unfortunately, it looks like the SWR is highest right around the 6 meter ham band at 50 MHz.<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>The NanoVNA Saver program connects your NanoVNA to a computer screen, and is extremely useful unless you have microscopic vision. But the program also does much more than the firmware and 2.8" screen. Below you see 20 dB step reactances for three different frequencies. Even at 30 MHz there is substantial variance from the desired 50+j0. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxK1zqvXRVlt4-Y-vpidT8D6Mle_QffxIyvk0j6uDIBZprImAjdkTALPf17CZ877iD431h1nDzy-FwROfqBvhEET8k3wDZssRiV5tFEzaaTpdak7nvoxPCR3khRcEtymt747Bik8Q8Hzc/s637/Impedances.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="351" height="752" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxK1zqvXRVlt4-Y-vpidT8D6Mle_QffxIyvk0j6uDIBZprImAjdkTALPf17CZ877iD431h1nDzy-FwROfqBvhEET8k3wDZssRiV5tFEzaaTpdak7nvoxPCR3khRcEtymt747Bik8Q8Hzc/w415-h752/Impedances.PNG" width="415" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>In order to get some idea how accurate the steps are calibrated I measured each at the somewhat arbitrary frequency of 22 MHz.</p><p>Step<span> </span><span> Measured</span></p><p><span>0 dB<span> </span><span> -0.15</span></span></p><p><span><span>1 dB<span> </span><span> -1.16</span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span>2 dB<span> </span><span> -2.23</span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span>3 dB<span> </span><span> -3.19</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span>6 dB<span> </span><span> -6.07</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span>10 dB<span> </span><span> -10.57</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>20 dB<span> </span><span> -19.25</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>20 dB<span> </span><span> -19.35</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>20 dB<span> </span><span> -19.46</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Conclusions</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The RA-1728A is not a terrible performer but not lab quality either. I would feel comfortable using it to make rough measurements below 30 MHz. But keep in mind that the SWR can creep towards 2:1 at some frequencies. The design could be improved in several ways, including shielding between the step switches. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>Larry Dodd, K4LED, did a major upgrade to his attenuator with impressive results. Read Larry's article at <a href="https://www.101science.com/attenuator.pdf">https://www.101science.com/attenuator.pdf</a></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-70051863083431285852021-02-01T06:21:00.001+00:002021-02-02T07:30:42.826+00:00Rescue that Printer Port ADC <p> Probably anyone younger than 30 would be hard pressed to describe a parallel port on a computer. We used these 25 pin monsters for all sorts of scientific hacking in the days before USB ports. And so it was 20 years ago when I began promoting and supporting the use of the MAX186 analog to digital (ADC) converter controlled through a parallel port. The simple circuit is shown below. Given that this IC was an excellent performer and that you could sometimes get the MAX186 as a free sample from Maxim Integrated Circuits for the asking, this was a very attractive option.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://radiosky.com/skypipehelp/V2/MAX186ADCforSkyPipe.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="MAX186 IC connected to a parallel port." border="0" data-original-height="537" data-original-width="800" height="430" src="http://radiosky.com/skypipehelp/V2/MAX186ADCforSkyPipe.jpg" title="MAX186 12bit ADC Circuit" width="578" /></a></div><br /><p>The MAX186 IC showed up in another printer port connected circuit in <a href="http://www.kitsrus.com/projects/k118.pdf" target="_blank">KIT118 from kitsrus.com</a>. It appears to still be available from them. For sometime I have thought about writing a program for the Arduino which would interface with the MAX186 IC pins and allow ADC data to flow through the Arduino USB serial port instead of the printer port. The issue recently came up again so this time I rummaged around and found a MAX186 IC and an Arduino Uno. A few resistors and 2 capacitors later I had the circuit breadboarded. There is no reason why a Arduino Nano couldn't be used instead of the Uno board. Arduino Nano boards can be purchased for much less than $10. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4xPa-HJcnB08nvgfEgfEw3Ddqm7BbtzNH_89uRtkU7OPRisJWLyzzNAvAox5MsFTwa8WgwHaLoe5Xj-f0BBcsnAzWDCFukpxJUyUHlEU-wmaVkZ2SqpSmr0Rh80oi0yXEt4mAAMU1IaQ/s2048/max186-UNO.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1251" data-original-width="2048" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4xPa-HJcnB08nvgfEgfEw3Ddqm7BbtzNH_89uRtkU7OPRisJWLyzzNAvAox5MsFTwa8WgwHaLoe5Xj-f0BBcsnAzWDCFukpxJUyUHlEU-wmaVkZ2SqpSmr0Rh80oi0yXEt4mAAMU1IaQ/w542-h342/max186-UNO.jpg" width="542" /></a></div><br /><p>If your already-built MAX186 device terminates in a 25 pin connector, you can simply run the 6 jumper wires to the connector from the appropriate pins on the Arduino board. You can purchase breadboarding jumpers with double male or male/female configurations that will make the job easy. In my test circuit shown above there are only 4 grounded resistors on the 8 channel inputs. In the real world you will want all of the MAX186 analog pins to have a resistor of 10K or so leading to ground. If left floating, the inputs will produce seemingly random signals and the channels may cross-talk. </p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Code</h2><p>For the latest Arduino code for this project go to <a href="https://github.com/radiosky/MAX186_Rescue/tree/main">https://github.com/radiosky/MAX186_Rescue/tree/main</a> . </p><p>This project is an extension of an earlier effort to make the Arduino act like a User Data Source (UDS) for Radio-SkyPipe described here:</p><p><a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2013/02/arduino-and-radio-skypipe.html">http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2013/02/arduino-and-radio-skypipe.html</a></p><p>and</p><p><a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2017/06/programming-multiple-channels-in.html">http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2017/06/programming-multiple-channels-in.html</a></p><p>The UDS follows a format outlined here <a href="http://radiosky.com/skypipehelp/V2/UDS_model.html">http://radiosky.com/skypipehelp/V2/UDS_model.html</a> .</p><p>As written, the code has some limitations. It always transmits all eight channels of the MAX186 ADC. All that is needed to change to a different number of channels is to change the code below in the GetD() function so that the '<span style="color: red;"><b>8</b></span>' in the <span style="color: #6aa84f;">for</span> statement is the number of channels you want.</p><p><span style="color: #274e13;">void GETD(){</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"> int u;</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"> for(u=1 ; u<=</span><b><span style="color: red;">8</span></b><span style="color: #274e13;">; ++u)</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"> {</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"> dat = MaxRead(u-1);</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"> }</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"> Serial.print("^^3001"); // This tells RSP to time stamp it</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"> Serial.write(255); // all commands end with this character.</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"> return;</span></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"> }</span></p><p>To change the sample rate, adjust the delay(100); statement right after the void loop() statement. Another improvement would be to use an Arduino timer and interrupt to change the sample rate.</p><p>The channels selected must begin with channel 1 and be sequential. You could make any number of modifications and I encourage you to try some. Let me know what you come up with.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Connecting to Radio-SkyPipe</h2><div>The point of this is get the data into a strip chart. <a href="http://radiosky.com/skypipeishere.html" target="_blank">Radio-SkyPipe</a> is a strip chart program that can plot a wide number of input sources. Go to <b>Options</b> and select the <b>Data Source</b> tab.</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9A0rY78F7GpcUfi7lH2kFet7bWdp9MFpIR7hi6ciouB9bxNwTzWrJvaYbcHjMiWjbRyGSWR0NuG7sheb5f4w_hBoD18_SY_N81YAVAlISPdJbi6HD1lmblCw1N7K7jV9KGILg-rML92s/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="608" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9A0rY78F7GpcUfi7lH2kFet7bWdp9MFpIR7hi6ciouB9bxNwTzWrJvaYbcHjMiWjbRyGSWR0NuG7sheb5f4w_hBoD18_SY_N81YAVAlISPdJbi6HD1lmblCw1N7K7jV9KGILg-rML92s/w422-h332/image.png" width="422" /></a></div><br />Set up the number of channels you have indicated in your Arduino code. (Defaults to 8), then press the <b>UDS Set Up</b> button.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>To connect to the MAX186 via the Arduino, we configure a <i>Serial UDS</i> connection. Our Arduino has the ability to follow the UDS commands directly so no UDS exe driver program is necessary. Thus the <b>EXE File</b> is not used. The <b>Com Port</b> is the com port used by the Arduino. Set it so that the <b>UDS Pushes Data</b>. This means that Arduino will use it's timing to set the sample spacing. Note the <b>Connection Type </b>is<b> Serial</b>. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieHXOTzY9FjKZ9EOBNLjk12PtNzLxhTKl-OI1940GkYYGJLTrTR870x8n4Qjebf9VaClQqFRpL7X7bzz0SXNRDvkAHX60AqI2J2iy61Juo7AUlGYUpTCVqid2o3Nt2Lum_a-O0n_P41oo/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="380" data-original-width="448" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieHXOTzY9FjKZ9EOBNLjk12PtNzLxhTKl-OI1940GkYYGJLTrTR870x8n4Qjebf9VaClQqFRpL7X7bzz0SXNRDvkAHX60AqI2J2iy61Juo7AUlGYUpTCVqid2o3Nt2Lum_a-O0n_P41oo/w431-h366/image.png" width="431" /></a></div></div><p><br /></p><p>Save your options. That is just about it. All you need do now is to press the <b>Start</b> button.</p>radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-65831230822757794642020-05-10T05:28:00.002+01:002020-05-10T05:28:56.632+01:00Data Format for ATT-6000 Step Attenuator Module<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinAavUoV7EYDpImb80PezPJZtpvNLTxCAJO7d-syPgoZCvANnSHn2VOKBNTeYE6Yxq82vmFTugjUzP8lk9gf-f0JPP7ZNV2LfA94Izd2svJ2UTW2-RJPPBc8ry_nJWkPZeVfcrMb-G308/s1600/IMG_2038.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinAavUoV7EYDpImb80PezPJZtpvNLTxCAJO7d-syPgoZCvANnSHn2VOKBNTeYE6Yxq82vmFTugjUzP8lk9gf-f0JPP7ZNV2LfA94Izd2svJ2UTW2-RJPPBc8ry_nJWkPZeVfcrMb-G308/s640/IMG_2038.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ATT-6000 electronic rf step attenuator and its serial computer interface.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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I am amazed at the useful electronic test equipment the amateur scientist can purchase for so little money these days. This is just a quick note about the serial command structure used to set attenuation level on the ATT-6000 step attenuator module. I purchased my unit new on eBay for less than $30. This module is probably based on the PE43702 attenuator chip (see below). The chip has pretty impressive specs, usable up to 6 GHz. The module I purchased has milled aluminum case and OLED display. It is shown in the above photo hanging in front of its serial port trace.<br />
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The program to the left in Fig.1 is the free commercial one that can be downloaded. I had to ask the vendor to get the download link. The program does just one thing. You enter a number and it sends a message to the attenuator that results in the amount of attenuation requested up to the limit of 31.75 dB. Your minimum change can be 0.25 dB. This program is almost useless as the same thing can be accomplished with a few button presses on the attenuator module itself.<br />
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A much more useful feature would be the ability run the attenuator in steps to calibrate a receiver. The attenuator could be part of a noise figure measurement system, Programmatic control is desirable. Anyway, I did what any of you might do and ran a serial port monitor to see how the "Digital Attenuator Console" commanded the attenuator to change to X dB attenuation. And it is very simple.<br />
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The device operates using 115k baud. I don't know what microprocessor it uses. I didn't want to open mine for fear of somehow messing up the connections to the SMA connectors from the board. If some has pictures or info on the insides please share. However, there has to be a micro-controller of some sort, even if it is just part of the USB to serial converter. To set the attenuator to (-) 31.25 dB<br />
you would send it:<br />
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<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hex<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span> 77 76 30 33 31 32 35 0A<br />
or <br />
Ascii wv03125(Line Feed)<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
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All values are composed of 5 digits preceded by the characters "wv" and followed by a Line Feed character (10d or OAh) Sometimes the device sends back a couple of characters but I don't see any meaning for them. </div>
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If anyone hacks this device and we can reprogram it, I can't wait to change the display. Currently it shows the attenuation reading in small print on one line and on the next line says "Fre=6,000,000KHz", a useless bit of information, referring to the upper bound of the spec. I would much rather make the top line larger and eliminate the second line.</div>
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<br />radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-74631739317061262812017-09-01T08:54:00.000+01:002017-09-02T22:46:24.108+01:00Radio-Sky Spectrograph works with Radio-Jupiter Pro,There are a number of ways that Radio-Sky programs can interact with one another. For example, RTL Bridge can send signal strength from a RTL dongle receiver to Radio-Sky Spectrograph (RSS) and to the Radio-SkyPipe (RSP) strip chart program.Radio Eyes can start a RSP chart. Radio Jupiter Pro (RJP) can send calculated Jupiter or Solar information to RSS. Since more people use RSS for Jupiter and solar studies than anything else that I am aware of, it makes sense that RSS can draw this information from RJP when desired.<br />
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A new update for RJP facilitates the new <b>Slope Note Pad</b> tool. With this tool you can easily<br />
run through SPS files and take the slope of a feature (modulation lane, N burst etc.) and<br />
it will grab the corresponding CML IoPhase from RJP and will add it to a list that is exportable<br />
to a spreadsheet. You just click at the beginning and end of each feature you want the slope<br />
of and your data is compiled for you.<br />
<br />
Also be reminded that if you have RJP running along side RSS, and you have the option <br />
set under <b>Options / Network / Radio Jupiter Pro Information Server / Connect to RJP</b><br />
You can then <u>right click</u> anywhere on your chart and select <b>Get RJP Charts, </b>which will<br />
produce CMLIo charts, SkyMaps, and AltAz views for that given time. <i>You don't have to</i><i><br />
</i><i>type a time into RJP to do this</i>. Each of these RJP displays has a <u>camera button</u> which<br />
places the image in the clipboard for easy pasting into all of these nice reports you have<br />
been creating. All of these displays popping up in addition to your RSS display takes a lot of screen real estate. Probably would be easiest on a multi-monitor system.<br />
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There is a new version of RSS 2.8.45 that you can get to through <b>Help/Check for Updates</b>.<br />
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If you have never installed RSS you can get it here:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe">http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe</a><br />
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For this to work correctly do the following update to RJP:<br />
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<a href="http://radiosky.com/rjp3/rjp_update_3_8_2.exe" target="_blank">http://radiosky.com/rjp3/rjp_update_3_8_2.exe</a>
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In RJP you want to make sure the Information Server (JIS) is running on start up.<br />
This is found under Tools / Jupiter Information Server.<br />
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<img alt="" 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x7dkSY5eZ3YGLc3EwpYWWhyypqkpn64yC8oaGpunhGJZsVipAIIlaB6FVAwRiA3OgCSpw3K28D09BY9YHk/S0KgyAYUPH9Qyuh7ci3BMrdnG3N9n2Zs4leMVfFjRT9gFfi4dxN8yjYgLwSKG6O1EwMbY1ODDtKbKKzD0jeHLTq30jEjEilYj1QAoRSqVwEAYMrlBlZqAACApPNQ3JFvwQMU5AZkfsJ4qb1ZsgGZjzRSAaVsQCXzB1XoBB90jEBpIdj+MYJPXwXkbWC12QRbmUIo2syMgYUjJjeXUOGQwWrDBB/nh06QCiCU4oOogITFnyCQf2VBBSSJZQVf0aR+nWhLjfVihmCFDazxK8abeWDIjydWGyYQrfKkAZku+Yc6aeAjJgaUyA189M5+G4Rgg6Vs7ritPHQKkgdIBRA/CJRRgVlFKiAfG2yCl3O2S+sXWbcp32Bbv5oNyP8CKVKB1VRgtQcSr2sDn/INBVuxgY+sAj/E3MAWbeCDqMDShoruLVTchsgNOCIVQHz6KKkC0oPEStrAYiu82qtb94BlFVhKDyxNHVj8SC8jNf6HVGBtG5BJDEjbgEqGCVSoAh9usEDpGQNomODj2oASR0z+AMqMEaz2jeIjNCZIBRBK8WFVYF0hWKPXV00fsNgNLKcHpGxAulkRi5ENrG8D8okB0Sf/8wTrq8D3NzfwQ1SBbRACJSxKZrBAXgXWGClAKoD49Pn4KrAQck22ynuCSfm5hPLpgZVzCZEQyNiAzPMH15g0IH8WkAqoXAU2awMfvYP/hIRgCzMGRIoKRSqA+F6zJRXYoA1sNJ+vqBFXeha6fKeyLARLswek2kdpG0AqsJoKrPXzBIqGCaRP68cdJtjgWNK2DROo0gaQECg3WLCFrIC8DXwqwwRIBRBKsVUVkDT9G/pIbwzZT6CqWPowSw8NzEqNDogVez1CGumnEEpYuqt7VixeOqgyp3tLp1KpXO6qTfnafNAvrx+Uzd8x/wNkux42oLBQBcjfUKBykAogVIQKVEA0O5v24IE3AoFAILaRzMxMpAIIlaACFZidnfX29p6fJ1GgQIECxbaFt7e3bG4AqQBCKZRUgWk5FZibnxfPoUCBAgWK7Yi5+XmkAghVoTIVEM3OTU6LUaBAgQLFNoRodg6pAEJVqEwFpkXi0QkRChQoUKDYhpgWiZEKIFSF8iowvVIFpqbFQ6MzKFCgQIFiG2JqGqkAQmVsSQUkSFRgbEL09v2kXAguspYJSO9625wdwApKa5a8JFnYcnCurihig1st12QbQu44KFMH1R0xqSi9xJJhE8dQFbUqvcS6yFllb5yrrEuCzRylD3KI1itijUK3oT4ofqQxNiFCKoBQFSpTgdFx0Zv+CbkQxLOC7jXJr1/7pc1E2VXW8n467wWw/B90rv5+FRW66ZAuVxDPYrEuCba2kw9aw+2tVdnV5aPR9NCftXwG6x8ErXk2t/kQrVbEh7/IUaCQi9FxpAIIlaEyFeh7P9nQNiAX3BjW6ZuV8uvXfmnj0XKTzYrJk1pTmeHHupy16vtVUqgSsbLcdSr5USqv9M63XKvKDD92BqdtoKFtgHPndMydDL9z3Ia2gYa2lpvsze55G86vfBEf+iJHgUJB9L2fRCqAUBWqVYFBuZA0hQrXSL1UmeG3kJy+nKVgJ6vHQp8qvbL1Jltq/3kLe/a709rQxo1ZSoKf465SAVZMnlQ971xmLW8u2bnM2zYYMseh9SZbsoel9TJ7lq/8ip1knZP+Q5b2NtjQNtiQd5nFzthM3VY5UwqOyeoHSsGfsPFYOmWSBW7MwjmVXpA6p7InZblWfncy1jinWefk6zzYUCkxjy0cqLWu5JU1lz2hKFAoH0gFECpEZSrQPzDV1DEkFxXLvS+LFZMvWXP6VpXChaGm/Cvs5DZF+1klqjLZ7EzuipVtt9hLBbFYklerMtnyZa2ogGQTmXeyWOcrJLVisa5kSxYkazYd0uXKVPL0rSr5Pa9b+ZW7ldo8+/zi37KlGq56TBStVPgnbCIW61wRw87kdgxln5fZ4YozJXtSpGrFTT7NWqOqSzvMv8Jmn5Zcadzk05u75FZe0ousdiWvrLnsCUWBQvnoH5hCKoBQFapTgcGp5hfDcsGLYQUmVStcs7hQncmWblTP8xTtZ5WozmSzruSsWNmWxF65/xfDzS+Gc86zYgpkVkpXYHkn672TxU5p20QNFR8HuUrK7nm9yhdcWTxeS/uR/Am8GHZmxaarJ1dDhcdk7QOl/MEZbi64wjrPW/j3xXBFSiA7pU3yr+JrRuakLP/Ja57TxXfmnA9MKpAsL50IpU/l2leywpovHToUKJSP/kGkAgiVoTIVeDc41dI5LBe8WFbg7RqFaxYXajLZrCuPFGy7kWi7zWbFFkitWd6bdNFLb5NeqbgCj86v/s7O4ZbOYX5KIIu1stD1Y+VxUFxJ6T2vWfnlzdtusxfexk8JZKe0Sf5V6kiuVkOpY7L+gVLu4Ay31GSy2ZmPUgIXNqzJZJ/PXPrTFFwzMqePncnvlFupoKqSw8WLZWfyO9tus688WrGtUgdq9UJXr7ncRYsCxebjHVIBhOpQmQq8H5pu7RqRC14sK/B2rcI10gssdkqbos03EI+vsFhXHi3vfGlXUsu1meyF90jXZ0UFYh+PbOCdCyHpcTdTT5m9LRa36p7XrPzjKyx2Jn/hpcXNazPZ7CuxbJmjrVwN1zgmax8o5Q7OSGtX2202i7XyEK08rTLXjOLTx08JZK11Tkf4KYFs9kL1+CmBsXFXNl/VtS9pmStZ0UtS9UGBQul4PzSNVAChKlSmAgPDM+2vxuSCf44VmCxUuEbqJWHWcmb1Al/RftaMJwlLW597sqKgcxcCZdbnX1gqRWEFlmorXfPF5eWCEvI3V0n+0jw/1ooDstqeFVZ+qUovkv1ZLBaL5Z9wzn95b/kXlDp6q50pBcdkzQOl/MEZa381JkgNZPlnCRb/u/JvUXTNSC8vFs1OzVrznEpWSr9B5uJU6kCtdSWvqLn81YgChdIxMDyDVAChKpRSAbFYXgUGR2ZevB77lIJ/nhWY8vSjV2P7Kl9wgXW+6KPXHIXC+F5fjSg+xRgcQSqAUBmqVIHO7vFPKSrPswJT6j56Nbar8nUP2f4Paz5+zVEojO/11YjiUwykAggVojIVGBoVdb2Z+JRCEMcKSqn/6NXYhsp3pvizWN/jP/bHEN/rqxHFpxhDo+hpgwiVoTIVGB4VveyZRIECBQoU2xDDSAUQqkNZFZiZWYhFFcgtrEaBAgUKFNsWSAUQqkJlKjCMQCAQiG0EqQBCVSAVQCAQiO8lSAUQquIDqgD5MXB1dUVFo6JR0ajoH0zRSAUQ28CWVWBmZg0VeL29JCYmLn1uUdGoaFQ0KvoHUDRSAcQ28MFVQA3EaiBWg1k1mFVTmwGYAJgEmFBTmwAYAXgH0Afqk7CLBLWpfTC0D/oB+mDXBHxOwk6RuvqgNvRpQ6829O2CUU2YAK0Z2DkFMLxr9yxAn9aOqX37SIAhNbUpmc9tV1fXWso9Pzc71jn2IvV91bHeQmZvHqM3R7cnQ6/7PvNlsn5HokHLVfO2e75v+Fljb1+S5Pwae+rq6pIpGtYApwNhChRzoJgCwQSaA1DMgDCRfRvFBWPeJRg1OL2WolNIpRURlKsANAAADMdw/aU3yhTtD/5+4CcTbPBmgzcLHhjAK4AJgHGAAYC3AG8AXgO8MjR8gWGvAF5jWDeO9wIMAD4KMMmEN26Qw4ZTbPCS3638Ad82Pp2iORxOySI8Hu9hVpars7MugDmAMwVO6BEe+tSzNnqxzobRh8wiXI1DnAzOuJjevhjLKSuV3nYjyBTNE9allZbcrir6R5bjb2wdf2f/n//K+vON4ttNb2tbe7PaeoNaXv1HS/vvX7X+W5/QgBz9j/I2ncze/9c5/e+pp4gDzt/SQ36/117/lycdf+7555+5/5lxxNfr0j1OZWU190l9LVdYzXlaU95YX9n4jCesKZUpuoQJj/PyBOUlBR+S3NzcEqbsFT7XFqZ0DAsDcuNdy24eGq8Pkl4/1RhSl+ZZk3JCcOc478bRmhSP6jvHXjz2/RSKRiqA2Aa2QQVmlzxATW1GU1OsqSkGGNXWnt+9m9y5cw5gbPfnJOwiQX3iS3j3JbwBeAM7RmH3PMCYNgzug95d0KsN73bCBKiJYec8aM/CrmmAAYD3AO92as8A9O3ePb9xFZiceP72VeDLBuiuh1c18JKHdZXhXYWUzjxqx0Na2wOdllSdpiRGw3W9usvMyhhmY2b0wKu2jasAlUo1MTExNTUlCEJOBRiA6wFhCoQJ4EwgTIFiCRQzAGzF2zAdTO8KbnQPN0qk6N2l0NKolBQMrAEAw3RwzAnDjTCMsREV8AcPT7hgjrcwmSOADQO8BXgN0AnQhuPNAE0E0WBgUI9hjQBNdHqjsXEDjr/A8VcAbwEbYuiNmlJeHIdr/uCxERUAMCNJIEkAMNtglJSUbPzN66rAWh6mFBtRgeLiYj6fn5udbcFgMAHsCeyELs3XWCfAUjfEXj/OzfTiEfPLxyzij1mfP24d4W7OdjC4EupbKxCUlpUprQJ/ORVg8913sUXp/8fT5bdHD/+Pw4dc48/WDraMk0MisnqYDOybMRsb0514S5l/TUwN/qqb/F0++b//9gyAK2gf3fvX4f/yhZf15z7ffRXq8Y2/F+7qzbqU1djW94xf/fyZUMArKi58+KQg88nj9CeP0+VVIJJlb86kAQC+CIFvDMBxDMcxwDFYXMBWC9WqQFOeZ4SrdSrbOeus60DV6aX1opbQ3Gi3B4HO2RGsrHBW1ln3vIhDnKuHP4WikQogtgFlVEC8KRVQm1kRMLtvL6kGs3v2kLt3k7t3kwDvAWZgpxg0hg5A2zfwfA+82a05vXs3qQ6zn8HUHpjQhglNmFBXmwDNKdAWw65Ztc+m1TWH/vXfyL37xACDAP379pEbUQHR/EjneKKwD3/WAw2d0NwCLc+grRba+NDOwdqK8NY8ojmb2phOe3aXJrxNq06k8y/rcM8zCsMZdfk3pifGNqICJiYmcXFx169fNzY2lu1YMCrgDCCMgTABXBdwPSBMgDACwGWUAaddIZj5hEEqYXCV0L9MpaXgmAMA4JghQTjhuM0GVOCUP3iwIJ0GgwDjTP03dHoXQAdAM0A9QC2OVxFEJQDfwoKL43wcr8TxKoBagDqAJoB2BqPT0PA1wBgFRl0g3x9O+sGp9VTg94sq8PsNRklJycbfvBEVkD1D8ms2zAZVoLKy8nFengWNZk/B3BhUL0NaoLVemKNxhJNxrItRwmHzmz72twMcUgOcUoKcr520jT9sGmBKxB4/VFtTU7ZhG5Ap+mF2XkreozuNnN8etcPdnX7p/l/JjfXvyLkxcnRA/LiP/K+3M39Hkr8iyb8mxVRSTBXO/bVzPvz6PHwV/pm6x5dfnTHaF3BY3ddbPTRA+0zQHnc/u0uZVc291WWCumr+k4LMeynXk25cTLp5IeXOZXkViD9iBQAYjuM4juEYhq10WWXBAaTlQLUq8L4qINHLPsnbIfmUY/HFwyO1y1/QebeOZp91Tw92ywh1e3DGNT3ItfCi26dQNFIBxDagpArMiETKqQDA6L69JMAkwBTAxC5tEmBcXYsELRLURj5Xf0FA1e8g/+/h8e+g6ht49hkMa4JYC2a1YEoTxtTUx0BzCjQnAAYOfDV3L438l/9LfrZHBDAEMLiuCgyQvY9mQx6KLApGmZz3VEEPJuyC+hZofAZNNdDMg+YyaHqCNebh9Q+Jpw8oNalUQRKVe51acolacI6ac5b26NKh972v1lWBtZo6DAecATgTcH0gDAHXB8IUCAMFbSI9ntC/R+jfIgwuE/qXqdRkHLMHAAyjYAQTiAV1WF0FTvmDlxMUAUwCDOF4N453GBo2ANQBVAHwAMoAigEKcbzA3j4bxwsACgGKAMowrALDqgii1t6uhiDaAboBBgEm7YDHBp8lG1DYH280e3QAACAASURBVEt3XeQ0SMfGv/6uwboqoNgGPqQKlJWVlZWUsKwsDlKw44Z0H3NGoI1+hLNR/GHTi4fNrx63vn7E8ra3XXqIQ1rAwbu+1lddDSNNaQFGVHsCLkae5fF4yqlAYcGTgory4NykXziZ/8b7KDMkSDgtHibJ8flJEcmdJb97N4uT49rkiDY5iPcN/y2f/Ltfn4bd3qB5SkvT86fYGbM9bE8Nv1AIDoIzgfu9g/6c9KC8pb1WwKsX8vncwvLSPD63kMfNLy1+KK8COjQCACMkHgAYBpilgb4kzJhMG6a+ja6+MZ1hxdQ312Oa03TNGUwTOt2YpmtIpTOpNCaFrkvQ9Cg0XYJKxwg64IR0YgzD4AOogLg1NC/O7e5pl7Qg1+xw90dRbgNVp8WtIW25Xo8iWXfZjql+jmmnXZL9nJO8HDjXlMwKTLWHDHYEvX0R0N3p/6qT/aqT3d3p39sRkHbTNTnUebNFIxVAbAPKq8CSDaytAgDTAJMAkwDTANMa6vMAswAzaiDeoUVq7yR3aJEaQGoD+RmIAd5SofDSnrOZ2u6XsZB/hvDP1FtAe24HjO+C4R0w9BkMfQmDB+D9DninoTW4Q3tMa+eomvowwDCoja6tAl0zoydGS07MX4yd9UiesskZMSjpp/G68aoOqG2Gujqor4L6CqgvgbrHIMzFajJxQRrOSybKblKKrlLy4imZ0ZTUEOJOmOnblYMFm1QBAnB9wHUBZyzYAGEKhKnsAAHoAXAIvSJC/wqhl0jRvUnFEzHQAQAc08MpxhhBSDZZTQX8wdMRighi0ty8G+A1hrUC1OvpVTEY5TheBFAAkIPjWTRaOoPxwMIig8FI19FJJ4hMgnhIoTwCKKLTObq6VQD1AK0Ar6jUPsCmDkLlUm5gtayAJGQ8QBI/yKxAVVVV9NlwE4DDBjQvE51T1vohdoahLibxxy1veFrcOm5139fqno/FPQ/zqw565y0ZkSb0UzqEly7FRYfCwLCC/Hwul6uMCuTmVTfW3xAU/t2hg7865HS1o6OXJHvHyHmSFM2Vv5+3mCC/JQeBnPmKFDHaR/7R8Tb8gg1fBYLmX/Z97kPZ/xcjzSNH9gfHqUWGgM932j6H/3T/yuO28qeNxdU1xc+e8tLv3+JzCxuf8YYGXsqrAABG4BiB4ziGERTM0Uj/tJNt9FGnZ+dPPz0X2Jgc0fL4Skv21TZ+brvgcYeQ1yGsaq/mtvF4rVxea0VFS0VZS1lRm0DQLqhqq6xsrapsq65qy3vMsrABAAzDAIMtqsBAdcBQ7WmZld1lfrkRrLv+zsm+jncDnPNiDhUneGZHHr3v7xTrannOzTLJy+GOr2OSlx3/1tHNFj3THjrScaa7M4DbdKKg9Vjh6xOPXh979PpY4asTvJcnS4THbye53Ypyuu2/iaKRCiC2gQ+uArt3k5qaYoApAJG6mlgNxAAiAJGG+rz2TnKXNqmpQarBnAaIPtciv9gpNlAvKtll26H2d/yv7Q9pBuzRqIXPxKA1rqU+pqkx8ZnaxDcw+A2814I+UHuvpjGopj4MakOgNqKuPrmGCvSTQ0dHyvWau/Xf8o+Kzp+fOZo8ZpU9wCzqpZW/xPltUNUANbVQy4caDtQUQVUeCLKBl45x7mLFt/GCRDznMv7gHH7nLHY1ELsZbvK+bzk3IN896OjoODo6urm50el0eRcAXHcx9ADXB8IICMOlAQJ7e3tbW1sDQ4uwkEaC0YSbRhPMuxSdbColeUEFcD2csMZxPQyjY0BRqAL+4HkIS6fTxiiUd1ZWzQTRAvAUx/kYVmJgUEChZDEYDwwN7xkb32Eyb+nqJtrY3GIwbjCZt4yM7piapjKZaTieZaCfj+MlBMGj0WoBngO8JIh+gClnKJTMG1hFBZgATIUesGgDTJkoKSmRX7laKKMCW2BdFSjncouKigx06NY6lOMGVA9Thv9Bowsss8SjVjc9LG97mSU5MG/Y6CTY6FywoCdY65wzpvnoEgF6FH8TnTMHmZY0LNTPl8/nK6EC3/2ng6293dWinH/xdP/92aB6knxLkmMTJDlLzk1xJsh/J8mfkaPq5NTXkyQztYFgRgLmBV+dgV3ee/Z5/Pxb33/de+L4voAYCGarhZ3c5etsl3Uhsymn5nlBzdNiYTUnJyu1uaHqff8LkhyXVwECxyWBYxhGEBEsu3D3gycdLGqjTtVcChSmBtfnx9UXXnpWktpQnt5UVdJcXdYkKGrg5DdwnzRyy+qL7z0tePistKSRz2nicxr5nObqqrY6IccvSEoFcKVVoLXwpI+DeYCTxePrblNNwcu9dXNIfgzrjo9Dkrd9erBLTgQrI4adFuqR7ONw09Muydchle1008uOk+j3ln9hg0WL2kPedZx+3nWK+/Jk1uujkW0uRlVWhnVWdm22Xj2Ovj1OAT3O4T2u57vdTtY6eJQc9M86GJ/qeDfB7cF5v3WLRiqA2Aa2pAISG1hbBfbvI3dokQAigFlNDcmCSA3EWprkLm1SeyepoU4CzIKaGGBiD/QZQipv17/3aP2Wt9feFdhfgBB2iWDnNGiL4DMx7JpW0xjUhH4trRF1jRGAQYBhNfUxdfXJNVRARE4+mokIIc+YvC/Tq31jMpp9ajr44oTz3SGznD69J6+pZe0Ytwn4T4FfBZVc4JcArwC4OcDJgJL7UJgMj25gWQnYvQuQFAVXguFiINxPcJqeHFtNBYyNjWNiYhISEoyMjORMAAecDrgO4HTAmYuTBw0AW5hgeO7cOQ6Hk5+X19hYb2PPo1hfJAzjKDrpVGo6hukABjhuSVBO4IQphlEUZgXY4O0JF3TwQRPTXoBuW1shi1UCUIlhTwByDPTTbW3uMhg3qNQrGBYPcB4gxtg4HsNiKJRYgHga7ZK+fqKl5V1Dg3QMy9bXzzM0LAUQAjRj2EuceI/D2DG4wQavT1MFFNjAh8wK8Pn8C+didQDsdakeJjr+lnphtgaXnA0v2+tfsGfGWjLOGdOimJRwJiVSj4hmUoINaSHm9Osu+oluRtE2ekd1CXc9+uO8RxuZMSBT9NMq3qPHBel8riHrvxJr+N0k+XaCJGdJcpqcHy0Tzf87SX5Lju2cnfmmk/xf3z2E/+YN+7zh61DYywbto5o/D/jHn/gc33HcXzs0aFfwX37CPvzn1PNZjU/4DUV1zypam2sb6vhvXrW0Pq9ub61dRwVwStixg+ePOPo4mAvCfarig2rvhdUXJdQVXKwrSm7kFTbXcJ7XCJqq+M+4TxoqSuorioRPMoS5OU+LCus5RQ28sobKygZ+ZWudkB97TSUqUJt57Ji1xWFzEycToxuBdiNPAyXrZ1tDH8UdSg91vxfg/CDIJSPY7cZJ+2Q/x2Qfh7unHB6GuZVd9XmaHtHDSxpvSNpI0VPtIf0dp2teeiV2HzrS60jvs4H3NtBvDX1y0W8N720ovdZmrbZHK+1iMh3jo+2SzqxTNFIBxDawVRWYEYnWVoFd2qSG+hzADMCsutocwCzArBqINdTnd2iRO7QkKiACDfEeeKkDBSzwrNf4+161/yaAf/aCPzE1Mz/f2Qpa/aA9AZ9NgfY4aAwDDO7bT+7aPauhOSHxAA2NGXX16dVU4M1IMneCcUPk5C5K0GtsZ7TXO09ejp70Tx47mf7OPqdbt/AFpaQFK6sHTg2U86C8DDiFUPoIirKgMA3yUiD7Fjy4CinxkBgDl8IgLhiunIXyJwmrqYBcJkBGBRiAGyzOGTRdGCbAKJLXzc3NPU54eJ7wcXcPM3OKo1smUExO0Qwu6lCfYJgxAFDwWBqRRoV8CtwDwkVeBfzB2xxvARgH6GEymwIC8mk0HoVSSKVm6uik6evfMjK8RhBxOB4JEA4QDBBoaHiWIAJx/AyOhxJEBIadNzC4pqt7S0/vvo5OOoVSQBBcACGGtQB0MxiDprQuP/D/NFUAFkVAJf+uqwI8Hu+4i4sdAUeZ1GMGdG8jWrQF46wJPdJcN87BIMycEWaiw9alsHUpZw1ot+10U46Z3DhucslO77I5LcKAEqBLuALcSUjYyBiBTNHFRfklFRXxqWnOp9gDJNk3Nz8wRpIikpwmyeEns+J/m57bOzn62QhJefDub/7hAnzhBfvZ8FUw7A9Q0zwCPw38h6/9TsIhv2/PXYBj3xF+J/6ceL6wrZonLONVFtVWlbU2177uaq6tLhHwC1dTARzHcQzDcUroMadTrraBzhY10QGcM14lYad4V4OEBak1aRdqy7KqClJryh7XC3gNPE49p7SuvFT4pKj2Ya7wYX5tcX4dp6yex6/j8ZprhdyYaJWowHjDmfMnbY9amDibGHlYmaaHOb+rDJptDet47P3gjEtakFtaoMuDQOfMULdUtmNaoEuS18GHEYdbCi6MNGW8LkssiDslSD61dtGzbaEjHWeaunwfvD4S3evm0uvAeGsDAzYwbAuDNjBgAwM28N4G3i8uD9rAsC0M2FB7bIw7bFwa7DxLD15IcbgWcjAratWikQogtoEPrgKSfMDi0wXEGurzaiCWCIG62pyG+ryG+vxOmNsDE/+sUX/jizA+/MMA/HU/fPZa7dtSLZ2L+90Pal/6G7W6XRoDWjvea2gMaMPkLpj9Yi+5axepoTGjpjalri7S0JhVVxcpVIHZ8c5XbXh1P542aR4gCtR/W2bEf+0/Vlg4X8KZy0kf8kt7Y5jdSctvIQoboKgWivlQXAZFT6AwDwoewqMHkJ0K6Ulw9yokXYSrsXDhLJwLhwtRcPkc1tvTqlgFCGMAmtzwv0QFCMDpix5gBIQp4AaA6614MwFgAnAYsBDQO0vDjuoQrtYMRgYOjhjmTsdrcXo91YxHsUkljG7KFH0avA9hDwwNhw0M3lCpHRRKnYlJGUARQWSZmqY6Ol42NY2hUqOZzGgm08/M7CSN5olhHkZGbILwpFA8zcw8KRS2oUEEjRZNEHF0+nU9vXsAWQCFADwKRUgQ7WZmXQZGI46YbPew2BP/E8A/rakC/yQTJSUl8itXC2UGCD5kVqBKILAxMrbAwIqKG+CYDQU/SsddaDiLih2jYAdx7CiDEmCkE2+pc83Z4K6H6V0Pk9uueueNKAmGRLQR5bQBxQnganRUpUCwWRV4VJjzmMsrrW1OfVg4PicWk+T0lCQrME9O5s+K/2loSmNEhHWT/8f54d6f+sOBU/C5P+zz373X/ys4vv+LwH/Z5e2t5RnzbUSCxndH/urwEd/MdE5zU42wur29oYJTUFtV9uwpr07IaWmuUqgCEqgYBgDBx50DXO2j3ayE8UH5vkeKz5x6fOpk7ZNbvEtBt708i6+d4eUlN9dWNVZymqq4TVX8Bi6nvqysrrSkvqSkvqy8vqKsgc9vFgq50dEAkmmDW1KBubaw1scn/Q6a+dma+R00u+5ln3fuWHni8YcRrOyz7okn7bLC3Atij2SFuCV52WWEshqyIvoESf3Vd/nJYWEsu0PmprfDHdYueqQ9qLXT93b3If0+GxhYJROwWvRbw4CNzmsrL559fpl/V8311YpGKoDYBrZBBWYkQwOaGqS62pzkX4DZpZECDfX53WriL2Hy91AiOPBfQ/BTUvNLkdrOyR27uvf/svgLUx8t778DzmfwTlu9XxPe7YBpbZjT0phXVxMDzADMqMGsuppYXW1OoQqM18f2NmJP32C5owYx08ctR5MP1bwuHXs3QI41kvWpI2eS3hindTKyW6mPGvB8IRRUQgEH8osgLw9yH8LDB5CeCneT4PZVSLwIl2IhNgJio+BcLFyIh5zcgPn5OQUq4O4OLicxa3NgmGAYbm5uZmFhQaVSpVRAB3AdwA0WJgrgzAUVMAQ4AoxQSCuA6jx4EwNDqXCLC+AJVAtPGjUdOxhkFG6YlaxX74uVeYJxGFU+K2AEL/UM3js6NtrYCPX1BQBlurpZ+vp39fQSrayiaLSzAKd1dQN1db0sLd1NTFx1dV309T0Iwk1Hxw3HD1OpJw0MTgOcplDCAeLotOsGBnep1CwcL2IwBIYGz+j0ToBhe0rnGiqwmg0o7N1VqwKKbeCDqcCTwkKmLoMAoABGwTB9DNMHjAngTGAuNNxJlxJtpXvDRf+2vcFdZ4NkR700a/pdM0qyGfWmrc45R70gc7ojBiG+Ppzy8s2qgMG/G/3+z/9xJ+1Ja3sfOTNDzk/PzUyTYjE5OUKKc0Xivx+Z03pP/lXxyG9/FQC7vGGv3449p/bsPvXFDj8MfA/sCPlHOHlkX3DCXr8wzMPnN4cOpzc3lT99Wl8nrOKXpt65mp2ZknTjYsLlyOTbl1ZTAeqiCpw55hJ23CnpmG3tOf+6pPC6jIjK22Gcy6crksMLzp6q4uY1VfHqBNzmWkH5ndjKx5kFZ3wKw8+WJaUUX4iqLSt+VlHxjMd9LqytSkiUqAC+SRUQt4bKryxLPHzV42CSr0Oyn2MK2zHttHNWqFuqn2PyKfvMENf0IOd7Ac7824G9/KSuwsvcxKAEH3dPG7PjViZsR6u0GNfVip5tCxtrP1Pf5ZPYzTrU5wjvrWHYdtVxAXkJeGcN721g2Bb6rVk97udaPFMKvOJD3DzszOWLRiqA2AZUoQJi8ZoqIFaDeQ11Ul1NEnPqanOShw4t2sDsDvWZ3TD+D5BbqPUfb+ELUnsHuQsmQe2Fxl8/+szqEAT+FMoBhkBrHDQkdyJIRhxEkkzDYo5BwXMF5ofejuYZvxFi9S/h8aDu5Qln9/G4wK7ntQNzneRAnqggfsAr4Y35nU79tFadrAZKthDPEUAOB7KLIDsfMrPhwQO4mwp3bkHiVUi4CHGxEB0F0bEQcwFiL8P5RKz/vYLuAfww8MPhJA1z8KIZmcedP5+QkGBqagogea6AHuAGC3cQ4EzAGUAYAUYFOgaHwSIRmrlAugF5FMjzMF0M5wsAPDCqcSLFrBC8vfyziJkUjLSDwcPgmijbUHpQko9YvLKkvADoBHjKYHD19QvMze/r69/S0zsPEAlwGsCLTj9iYOCpo+OA43Y4bmdsfIQg7AnCDsDBwMCDII7huKeuLltfPxQg3sLiamhogr5+np4eB8eFAO0mtK6zhk1rq4C8DazWu6s8KyCb6t/CkMG6KpCXl6dDp2MAFAAdDLPEsaNUPNqEetmKHm9GSzjIuGnDSLKmPz5HSzWnPTChZphT042p6ebUa1b0MEsdDybVCsD3xAkl5gokP85KK+Nl5go6n/eTIhE59Z6cGSLnRsiZPnLuweT0/xwj970gcd8n8Nlx2BOsreWttsNHc8+Z/cDWhOCdEPVbCHTWCAne7e/9M+8jf06Iqh99U/OssrG24mk1JzszpUZQmpGWdPtWfF7u3XVVIPiEa/Rxx8xjjrVx/sJ7obXJIY9OeXDO+fAyovJOHOFlJzQIOOXZSc/ravNCfUrTbhbHhuT6ej8OD+Y/uFdXXtbA5z7j85tra6qu31xQAdioCojbQrnJR855Hcy97DZQs+KWgddlvhlnnHOjD2dHHL7ja5cR7JJ+xjk92C09xO2uv+OTiydfcq72cK/X3o+K93RxMzH0d7SMOGTnZ2cZ7nYwK859taLH24O7Otkp3Yd1+2xg0GYTyQB5LRi0ob22Ns41Ox5hGeqloGikAoht4IOrgIYmqQaSr+8iyW2EoDaroT6nrjGrriYGmAYQAUwC9P8vKCj6wqsX/mZqB0ypwThAz97fJO3+zhoSDsBTUB+HvSLYLQL1WQ31eQCRusbcDi1SU4tUk+wWFAwQiOoLx/INumuwhg4o6qffGLX1Ggvx6C27UT+YMCTwH7wU2Hf8/Bvba51Gt1t07zXQHtRS0iuxDA6kF0F6Htx/CKkP4HYKJN6EhKsQHw/RsRAVC9FxEH0Joq9C9G3gCJMVqMBBd7AyxWytMQs3oDFXDhBQAdcBXG85K4DrAmEKQAUdgENgeBFqGqGtDJ5wIb4InG4DeOliR9xohhVUswbwdaaF0Z2uGF+/ZhsZY0f3iJQp+iD+VJc2fEqv2pjyFKAWoNjUNM3G5q6BwXUTkwiAQAbDk04/jGHOerouxsbu+vrORkZOdnaHTU2dzM0djY3d9PRcDQ3tHR1dKRRPDAugUqNMjBPs7FIolCyCKKTSKg2pQn/9SiYxsIoK/G7NAKmFheWSkpL1tloOZQYItsC6KlBaWmrCZBIADAyzp+BsPUqUMfWyKe26KTXZmnbXln5Rj5LsQIhnoK0MTzOg3dEnwmn4WV1KMIPiqUM4UghjgNCAAG5FxWZVIK+69FFVder94panr0nRLDk7Pjs9RJKD5HwbKb48OEYZIb/hi37192HwmQ/8JO4b8ICdXhpYxAE4BRCmBlG/hCgn8Dr8i7O+OMv2urD4xcSb1nahsPLJM2F5avKVwoIHCZcjr16Jyn+0qgpI5goAQOAR10xvtyJvp9orp4VpoXXp0U381ObqwqaqvEZ+fpOgtKmK87xG0FxT2VJX0yKsaarmNfDKG3icZxxOA5/bXFPRwM1urqmpSryzMEAAgOMbU4HW0LsRLmecraMO2d3wc6m+d3y6KUTyEj/5yA1v+wfBLgWxRwrjjj0Ics4+65YR7JIbfajhYXR/dfLrssS0sOO+9lZupkbHrc38HK1O2Vv5OdiccTqYdZ61WtFvOgMKX59g9zjDO2sY2uTQgIwKDNtCnzVTaGmfYXU8UEHRSAUQ24CSKiCand1wVmAKYArUZ9Q1ZtW0xAATGjvnd2qToD4FMAFqk2rqIoAxdc0hArJuqPm92fWvI9r7RLthfhd0HPiVj/bp/w2lX8MrTZiCHe9hx3ttEO2B2V1a06AxCjAE0PPFlyTAEKjJ3u/U1dU1XhA6+Fj3VTX2rA1Keql3Bi0CRnxs++86lHZYNPBsei969vqEdzvFvzC79lw/qUEnpZZ6l4/f42B3iyA1D5IfQlIaJCZDwg2IT4CYeIiIhcg4iLoIkQkQkQjhyfi1gkMKVIDGBIKxMBwgO1dAcgcBA3Aa4EzADQHXAVx/YdqgAcARHHxpEEgDHwI8cPCg4CftCNdLVAMBldFGGGbQDybbHos2sL989HQ6w/y5TNF60A8wSIXOUP08P2YWQAFTP01PL5EgLhgbRzGZpxmMI3S6E4Adk+loY3OISjGl05mGhtYUij6DYWRtzTIwcKLTD9LpjkZGh/T0/A0NIymUOF3d6wzdNIB8E0rJBeOMI4wagE2rAEmCwvWqVQEFNvAh5wpUV1dbmppRAMxx3FOXEmRIjdSnnGUQUXTiKpO4oItHUfDLVIKfRMyTUJOFBwPhr0dJOMi4aEn3YRDeJjgD4NK584LNzxUo4D4q5HHKSmo6Gt6Qs+TcjGh4YnqOHCDJipFed5L8f/rJXwcJfvKNF2h6w/4wTNtDY99ftLAzn4OvOpzRgqhf74xyUfdw/82pw8y/uHXMDIzMjpZzn7Q9F9YJOanJl+POnbmWEJV4LeZSfMi6WYHAQ06F/q68kBPClODqG6drc2KFebF15Q8a+WX13AcNvILGypKmKm5TTWVTjaCxitfI59RzSuo5ZY1VgramZw8P2d91YzXX1VUnJCxnBWCjAwSN2d73gg9lRZ64G+h+19+hIM6147H3syyPZLZDRqhbXvThnAhWbpR7XjQrPdipPNG7m3P1Tdk1wZ2zsUcdnS1MT9pZnLI1C3A56Odi5+to6+9gw7a3SouSnZO7VFzdS+/wHleLtwfxPht4p6wHSOKdDfbWmvbS2qjGxu2KjXzRSAUQ28AHV4Gd2tPqGuMAwwAjauqjaupjAEMAQ+oaYzu1Z3ZqT6upjwG809ox+DvgR8HZp+qWz2HvmAZMqgNfE/+vnXG/gvovoEcLRmDve61vJ3++m/wSJnZrDIHG2527h/Z/MfM/6OTX35AA/fLdw0C2VV8RvasKq2+BkteU1HcmYUNHbd5dZghqGSXPDF4luXcH+b9iRXVYxzcbXa3Xu1VDS+JTbpfhtwuxpEdwIwuu34MrdyA+EWKvQEQchMfB2YsQkQBnEyEsCTuTSmFn6st3D6YmJoGnT0dHR+szmXIqgAGuC4QB4EwgDIEwWJg3sDhtEMMIQsedYpWAHz6BHTmCublj7vYU03gqNZ3ArxJwlWlUcv9++sOstPPnwvX0ZJ8IS8AEwFtj4yZbI+5l45vBttcsLFKASMDwSAwLMDX1tLI6Tqe7mpsf1NU1p9GMDAzMMYxuZGSB43QDA1MdHWMKxdTY2NHIyMHK6piurheF4odhEQBXTIxSjureDjC6b0GrMCYaMKxHYX+8bn+2RZQZIPiQdxBUVFT4eJykA1jh2DEq7kHFPXEsnIqHUPHTFDyShofT8RAdIhgIzj2cJKHsPiWQSr1gTA3VpxxjEj2v4WIE3LmRXMZZ/6eJZIpm/X+Obt+55j988r57ZH6WnCfJ4SmSJEdI8hEpPvp2/G+7yf9teXvHXi9Q89bcH/b1Lg+Nz09qfRN0QM1bE4J2QsRv4PSf9v/lMN37cOCDm8Pk5JRojF9ZKhRyedy8thbB8yZenbCko626vVXBtMEFD8BxCoYBgI+TdYm/q+CKf831gMf+h4uiTpfEsHnpUS01nEZ+bnMVp7GypElQ9rxW0Pq0trm2qqmK28AvaawStDY9Sw5/SNMxqufxm2tr+HFxyyqwsazAXFvYWF1QYfyxwniP3MjD9wMc7wY43z/tlBXqlhHikhHskhvpnhvJKow7+iiSJUwPH3me3VFw6W7QYX8HCx87C3cLk0AnqxBnK287Sx87S09bC5a5GcvcNClMwbTBmfbQoY6g/NfHD761o723XfhmvxUV6LeBPmus34bebmV739LlkJm7zYqikQogtoEPrwLwdo/m0F6twZ3Qrw6vD+ye2AG9AC8BujShdwf0asO7PZoDAC//O1SegDDB7sNvgEbu+Zb8/EDTV4bmcPZvofkXMLoPxkC9DbS7vtEa/xaG96v37NJ4uVvz1Q7o+vrz4Z3wape6gp6pXjPX/gAAIABJREFUp4TWXUJpr4KnTVDykrj31jDqvZtzfxS96Qkzq5XekmH3MsKz8/iZdvvoJtP4p/oJVYzrPFpiKSXxMX4tF0tIh0t3IS4JYq7B2YsQegHC4iH8CoRfg7CbEJxM+N+nncgxlu8e6HS6ra2to6OjgkcMYQQQknEBJuA6gDMW7ibApH+DgCAMLxNW8bitN27tjlk7Uoz9aNTbFDwGwyyojJvG5knGRmxby2CCoMkUrcsYA+hhsQR29qUAZa56d9LsT/vohTCooQCnAI7ghKOhobuTkzudboTjdCbTmEJhGBiY4Dhd8i9BGNhYu1lbs3T17DHiEIAvlRLipBMRbRt73jKexcgAqMGIJn391aYN/t1mo6SkZONvVmaA4ENmBXg8XtKNGzoA5hh2iMCPErg7jh2h4B4EfoyGn9IlopiUi/rUq/qUWBpVmEeQJOReJU4AxZNGBFlRRTOQl2FckFdUWlq6WRV4XJibmZ5RU1HT1tA+8G54niSnpkhyfogUZ5Kkd/vob58M/vJ3QbDrJICP+mJWYOdPgr4C7x0QuBPO/ga8/vi119F/DvDive+eIucmp4aEQm5VVXFTA0/Az39aWyzg5+flJvMrHsmrAFVKBXAADzuLXC/7qkR2XU54fV5MQ2FMdW6EsCJHkHWu8mFibVl+Sy1fWJol5JcLeWW13OLq0vy62oq2cvc6YwCgttXmPa/iNdcIKxbvINiUCsy1hb3hBNeknH4Q7HbpmF2Sr0P6GefsMPe0QKeHYa6PotxzI92L4o+3F10Zac5qfXw1/piDr70F28k6yMkqxNnyjIu1j72l90GLY1YWRy1MD5mbssxNbylSgfGO4M5O9s3uw0SfDQzZyH66ASBMBxrNoM964b/Svf7SGl8aAIAvbXmYwI+O91ibPLZwOGPm6mx2C6kAYntRXgWWbGBtFTigVYtp1327pxHf/xzf//xzjepv9zT+1YG2vzrQ9rN9zd981oBp1x3QEn6p1fDfIe8/IfDJF8cGPtMbhD1vYGe+OuOPEPFzKMBAcEDzmdZ+/q4Dld/sFH4J/APq3C+1K77ZW4Xt5h/YydOGov0aPPnuoVWIdZZjLVVQ2wjFL/D7b/Rj+xwOvw1idKQxM5qpVU/M2i+w2n1OtbqENlpG1xrFVepe5NIvF1Mv5xOXsvELadi5ZIi+CWcTICQeQi5C6BUIvQqhiRCchAemUn3TGe6PrBUMEKwFBrgO4LqLTxnSXcwKrBhKIOh2VEs/3NoFN3PDTY5RjE9QdWNxuhsAYLgVTr0BcBTgIMg9YsjBvu+Ub42ubj1AFUAhQclwNU7w1DsTaXgi2sTV2cCZhtvp6jtjFFN9I3NTC2M9fbqunqGxiZGdvYGung5Dz0hX3wIoJkxDJxphZ0VzOclkRRkfCzfwM2Ak2hqmGBC5AAIqtcHDQ/axMxtUAZKED6oCim3gg6kAh8Ph83i2ZmaGGFhiuAmGmWGYHZU4rkt46FJO6VGCGUQIFT9NxT1phDcQtSXY3Bykx1H8GboxzjpTE9DUcI7DqXzypJDLLefzeTwej8/nlZaWFBcXra0CxY8LOYWcwoe57U3PSZKcJ8mZCZIU9ZNk/sjM0Rfkvx7NAMpp0DoB4AP7wr/UOqm2x2vnV2cw8N4Jp3eph/5G29vmJ0dZDlcv9ZHkJDk7MtJXV8d9VlfeUM8pKkyLiWKHhfzlTlJcwuXwtVUAAE46Wj3ydhFmnGkoiWsoSagviss74s7NiuYmB5Xf8haUprc+reGlR5Vn3RBwimp5JYKyhIYYIz4Fjlta8eI96qo4jQJBs7CGfzlxWQVWGSCYeBb0qvjUG86pWam7BqabgvnJ3txE70RPuwdBztlhbndPOd5lO+RHs/Ii3cuv+/RWJw81PChLDLxw2Cb2iE2Q20EfB+sgJ5twN5sQZxtfe6vDlmYuJkZHLcxcTYxdTE1uhcqqgLgt9E0TO194NKjTCfqtl1Xgrv5ChOkAANgQG1IByYYSFWDTsV4rQ66lVbyJw2FT6aLXVoE5pAIIVaCUCszNSVRANDsrWk8Ffrbv8pc7Yg9oxfz884Rf/yz5Z/su/+LL69/uufgZhO2Fsz//PIHAbvxs77W//TqNonbWGBwjwWj4a8bcZz/p3/9lxj66CbBwiPmrPQm/xO98/k2c9r6wn34e9+uf3Pibn1z56f7YL7XDv9kb/fXu6J98FnNgh+wEuq6uLl4ro5kPDdUgaIAnbfj9l3pxb2xPvPEx6Exk5NXQC/h6zdftW06faDrk/8w2tMYkkqcfy2HEFdEu5FHOZREx9/GoOxCeCGeuQGA8nLkMwQkQnAhnbhGByRT2fbpnFvNgnqtCFVj4OVaFKoBRAGcs3lLIAJwKOHWlCmAEzZEwj8bNTuBGhwhjV8LoOMH0xaiSHylm4vgJHLOVvFWmaBwft7NrSkxM8/TMpVAKqNR0Kv0mwDk9PMCH6R7mYBtvYhZvae5joHtUl3bIQMfZ1PCgickJN5vD9ib2xoaO+oxDelRffUaEpVWQgeVFY0s7+mELuu8x3SATwwRD4zQML3B0fHzqVFFAAP+TzQps5x0EHA6nsrIy6dYtAKBhmAUFZ+kQvvrU47qED4OIZFISbHQijKm+upQTdIoHneJPp7XXUOdmsfvn9E5Z6E1OwJs3aVxuVVNzW119e3VtU8Pz9oam9traBqGwrqystLi4eDUVqOFUN1Q8e/Iwq17InyfJ4aGp6YE5cm6IJPNfTx3nTpr8z1Pwm7MaO04C+MKeiP0af1Hb5b3rwJmfgPcu8N+168yvv/D6E/6d+3l+xTuSnCTFg4M9T2uKmp6VvWivSbp57mZiTPGTB9lZt9LuJVy/ft3V1XVoaGh+fv7Vq1fFMlkBnPB0tC72ca8tO/esLLGu9Ep96bWGitSW2orm6rLmGk5LTUVTVUVTFfd5LbftmfDl89oXDw3zcbh59Nhzwb3n1eVNtVUNVdVNNTWV125IVEDyISpmgkzR4tbQ6hTP4oue+bHHau9691awRS0h4tZQcWto2a2jlbf88mMO58ccehTFygpxzT3rlh/lVnPvzEBDRm/1/QeRntEnHC95O8V7OQe5HvSzt/Kzt/G1t/G2tThsbsoyM3U1NXYzM3E0NnYwNk4MtpcperY1JP/R0XOlbk5N9thba3i/qAJvrRfildXyGpmXpNcsqQAAVJtCnzX40bEeK71KC9NbpjaeJtJFr4G3t7d4bk4Sc/Pzc/Pzc3Nzzs7OmZmZpaWlQqGwtbW1u7v7/fv3o6OjU1NTIpFoFvFpsF1d/EZRUgVmFxMD66rA43SyNIcsyyUfp5MPk2eKssjsFNGNuN4LYe1JF/sLM8iSbDInlYz1f1mWJO7JGn/mGN6655v/n70zD2vruvb2atJmaqYmPmmbnN6mum1pSy43DSGhISSYyBgTjAkBE4gdqB1DbBebesLGjJ7BGM9gbCYzz0JCgACheRYa0QCSmOd5nnSEzveHbNe1HTfNdPvd29+zHj1Hh629LVlH6z1rrb13J0DXyy9Mbj+kvtJRfHm2KGu6pGgm/UZvygV9xuWOgoyBpmpLXcUCtXSBUYOTi2abKTiT+oDJhFU9QQo5yGUgVENTO1re5ZLWGxDdd9CvK82ex3QrU9griv21ybs1B6KV245J/c8IPFI4rql0p/N19qkku7OlhKQC9GQWHMuA49fhZCaczEFO5hFOFBISyxxiqpwjqV6+ddH3uwcPD48LFy6Ul5f7+vo+CAZs8wkdAHUF1BVQNyB4/T0KoCjqhbpHo55xKHEvwTMc9diDuhxEHbYCAAK+BDhh26XwfhTw9x93d+/atk0WH9+QlFR86VLmjh257u7XXFxTXdyOuXtGhfntSQrbFe4bdHmL96Ugj2MBHhW7fBjn46/sCS3c6nxtC/FooF/Rdq/TYTsD/SNjtu71Iia4uqV4eKaHhWUnJeWnpOSnppJ8fJQhIfqvjQL3BAa+8wTBdxwVYLFYEonkeHy8PUCIA2G3EyHa2S7SHk1xtbviZpfpZZ/maZ9CtE/xdkwP98jc45u+x7erzWllGck55zI3Cz09ZQplL7VenZHFIdVpZYqBxmZTCUlWRZVKpDqhUHCHBu4Z+kBYVOwXR+sqSybGuqw4jlvxlWEzbpnCcIoJizkhfO1n++FXyU8+FfsYxMHT556G6B88FvPUT07//AfRTz6S8KNnT/z6pf3+LomJvOmZaRzHcHxmckghblDLGvgcsraVJ5PSZVJ6p0mmVrJzcnK++OKLiYkJDMO6u7ub34c/oOhvkVd+i7zyWwRBkFcS9oQyTxxoYVxRsQoUjGwFs0jJLVMJ6Gphc6uY0SrmtYq5rWK2RiLo1DZrT8EGAObFE1oxScWuUglYrWJRq1iklUqEBTl3UOCVV15pfh+ysrLCw8PHx8fNZnNXV9ey/oy6Oo6RcZic/BdZcSI3+6ig4KC65iD12heVSTsbL0U2XdnXcGkP49p+2vk9pFM7dLTLk62kbkFZwbGI5C8CL+3/LCXi05g/Bx7+LODIpwERH2/6YtOm7R9u+Gz9+u0fbvhs/brtH64P3bDh0/Ubck6H3jP0kv50c/Ohc9wvPm39FBkIhJFPbl2vR//rln3yKwCArHdh4DYTDAT+ze6cOfpfAACX3wYAWPsKtPlB7BtIX8DbYr8NxRs/jt5499AP0ZEjR+7sEHsrY7uy8vnnn5NIJAaD0dLSotfre3p6RkZGpqam5ufnFxcXl/6t71HLd2llZcVsNt9DY9+bp/+H+joosLq6ilksd2jg4SigU46adNNG7ZRC3Mdt1nOb9ewmrZjbYdBM9hgX9KoxIdvIrGsdarf0KadVNKnkcIziJz+Y/xkIXn5s8cRxvAtvU1h4HAOHr1Gq+rq65zXqoboaQWOtmMdSaRR9w31LCkmnUTdu1I3f7x7Seg5xNSCSA0cFNB1aZnRO7/KL694TbEqxayG75ytQLsVDeSFUER0pCz8qDkzkep1kuJ2udz5NcTxVZn+igJCYTYjLQBNuoMey0OM5hBN5hOOFdokl9nGVTlFkt/C6AHdK8gOjAo6Ojq6urg8KDNhmELjelSYgAsEHwO7vccEOcd2LEuNQYjTBIwJ124s6HUTstgAAAu4ESEEg8IEogCDzCNILoAWQODjQ0tOvXr2aFBd3fN++o76+++3tdwKEOrmEAbgDOHp7Ozq6eOzw8T6xf7tfsP8Wdw9fRycAR2dwI7puI9htc3YJ8/Pfl3Rmf2np/pSUlPDwIheXOl9fFoGgtrf/slqBV7+C2XTrKYvF+mqvehXg1a+TIPiOdyZksVhcLlckFB0ID7cDcEOQABQ5ZIfG2qFHUSSBgBxzIZzb6nJ1l2f6Xu/UHT6xQT77Pd0NWnRp0R7DoM1IrarVFVfLi8mq4hpZRjYv+SL9Wr4kp1RSUCoSinViseSBKMCrFvMqeBJWvcEoXrIsr1pwfGIVt0wt4rXcycNrrzyxJgZ+kvD443FPQBw8nfoUxPzg0binnz3zyg+in3w89pGfJv7yV/s+OlRN7sPxeRy34Pj0xKBO1SwTV8skDUo502SQatRcLpsib2nOzs4ODw8fHR1dWVkxmUwN78Frv3rFZr9ds2bNmleOhAU3xe4R1aTJ6Dek9OyW5lIZu0rOJSsETQohUylgK0VstURokF+S74BN8HtpTZJaVCNn02QcuozHkfO5cgFXLRbxC68DAKxZ8wrAK2teaXgPrl+/vmPHjqGhocXFRaPRON96ckxyXFgQw75xRFyUIC5M4GYdYWVEsbOP0tMOkM/uqj67q/7SXnraX6tOh8nJqSOyUmnFpWPbgtL2B53btTlp5+a4bZvD/DeF+X305w3rt65fF/LhxpAPPwxZv27r+vVb1q0PWb9+y/r12zd+mHXis3uGntOcUCmOXBLs3tb62ZqezX/z7kdeg8BfAQC4vQKCD6FnM/RsvvUn2/E9Z468BgAg+BAuvgUAsOv3EP3HNV3+jsKPiMUbg2M23j30QxQVFTW/sGCzhcXFhcXFhYWFbdu2VVRUNDU1icXi1tbWjo6OgYGB0dHRqamp2dnZuX/re5cNwhYXF+9mgn81IPhGKGCjActDUQC3rPR3d7RpVAM9ncvzM7gVW1mYXV1ZxK2YZXlhoKdzfHgAt2I4huGL82OD3avcWsWvnhz9j8dqf/k8bjLMKQctK7gVx2YXh03t6vGRfhw325ZZn58Z7jSqB/tMWrV0aX4Cxx+wrsAxQxKl3Z6lgGYlUDWE4jbndKNPvGlnqOGEg6LAtVBkX9PoLEkPkMaHiyP287dGs3zjGokJVJeESqe4YvvYXLujNwixNwjxWWhiDiExj5BYYJdYbB9X7niU5LqP6rWlfrtzZdoDUeDLhd6eSWgHqAugxFtRAcTpXhRw2494xiFeh1HPvahbJOp0ACGEAqCAEOzgNAphD0QBB/s5AqEXQAcgQdEmR0fS1q3Z3t7nMzIiU1J2HjsWevmy75kzWyIi3MPDvSIivH19nfwCPIKCPUNCiIFBTsFbvPbs8Yo67H76zNaEhICUlC3x8btDQuKCgs5u337Dzo4E0AggRhANQO+/JgoAfK8zCLi3K/+5XK5IJNobEQEArgA77dB9BCTWDjlgh8Z4OSVvc0/c5nkm1KP4kis5x6HgMsJq3IfjQTgOah0ts6j15IWmgwllZ9JokQkVobtzzqXT6DxjGUl5MaNZKNFyOOz7UUDeqNU36yiluQoV3YKvmldwfBHHF0dXcG6eYffL0fDc8R8+dvSJH0Q/BnHwdOoTEPMoxD/9TNIrjx55/JkY+GXcz9449FGFQT+B44s4vmK2To0OdhkEcglJraC36YRqJVsspMllDLWSfePGjR07dgwODs7Nzen1+tp34fevvvybNS//Zs3L9q+ueXnNy1GfB1YdCufV54loWYKay6KGAnFzlYRBkXIapFxGC5chFwq0oijhRtj6OlFCP9/CLBExyGImXdxMFzObxEy6iEmX8pjMc/E2FHh5Dby8Zk3tu5CWlrZ9+/be3t7p6WmtVjspPzYpP9bDTuTkxDCyjtZcjGy4up+efoCXF0dK2l1xKrz8VFjl6XBq6u4W8nlj83V65rG4EL/YUL/TO4OOhvgmfh54IMg/dOOGQA9iIJEY6E4MIhKDicRAN/dgD2IQkRjo7h7gRgwiEtPig+8ZekKRqFUfKVJEfK4IWWP0h66AW19koz8Y/eGcEwBA+O9uPbVJsenWU63f3xofsgcAYG8Aoz+E/852ek273xvsTW65G/wOrr976IfowIEDk1NTd9vU1FRoaGhxcXFdXR2Px5PL5Xq9vqurq7+/f2RkZHx8fOLf+h41OTk5OTk5NTU1PT09MzNzBwuWl5fviRB8Xx7/S/VNUcD2Dh6CAlwOq1WtbNNr29t0JmO7Ttva3dVhMrZLxEKhgKfTthra9RqFdLKnnUWrbDUqzUoe57cvi557auSLCJzKE1QITcYJTXursUNpVCnaFUpmU6NSKTe0awwGtcGgbm9r1WoUshYhl9N8v3tIbr2YYQysU0GdAqlWEwq0zlf13gnt23foYl0UGQ5VzS55bDtOlpfgRAh/3y526D66/6E6zyiS6+ESp0M3HQ9l2kdl2h3NtovNtYvLs4svsIsvto8rc4qt8oyu8d9dF+Bdd9C1LPN+94CiqKOjo6OjI4Lctw0BggLqBKgDoE5gHwCEYADfe2oGbcSAuIQjPocQ392IdzhKjEDcIhH7YAAUgGAHJ+zg2ANRAEUWEWQARfUALQjCQFEKkVhMIKQhSDKKxjg47DlxIjA6ents7M7MTLf4ePv4eGJWpmN6uktcnGN6ukd6ut3+/e5paaGnTu2ws9vm6Bjh5BQNkISiV4jEAnu7agShI4gERXUA/d8ABV7Fcbjz+K2jwP239t91VMAmNpvN5XKvpV0N8vAIQGELCvtd0RgP+xgfxxgPu73udns8YagfcNwexwk4bme1OqyYXStrSqKO1UYdI8WcIOeUSNKyubHHa5Musy5mNucWSStrFVkFPIlUwWIx753HSG3RMFpp5GK9QWjBVxcXsNVpM26ZmMYlQVlv/TASnk5a82Tii4/GPPFIAjx25pEfnX4G9j/y07TfPBX/1FN/hdcSfvJR0pZBHJ/E8cVVHLfiC9MTejVdIa1WK+h6rUAiaiwquHr18klSZc61a9e2b9/e3d09Pj6uUqlI74Ddiy//+sUX//DLF//zxRfhxZ/HhG2hxO9l1N7g1NxgVJ5lkzO5dcXchmo+vU7QTJNwWArGZ00OcCUgSMDM5jfkcGoLuPXVnPpqDq2W01DLaajh1FZzaXlNcWEAAC++CC+++PMXXyS9AxcvXgwJCTEYDMPDw3K5fFAYZzMl5WjNpf2kc39pvBbFyDxcfnrnjUNbbsaGZB4OyYkNFVWmGth5lKsJkX4b4v/80amdgYe3bIoK3ng42G9fwMYt69YGrF0buNYtdMO6zz5YG7T2vaAP1n22ft3mtWsD1n6wee3a4HXrrsQG3TP0gDBWJT1Elu/eJ/vsRc1H0Hbbu2s+umX7/gAAcMYRNB/BGUcAAL9fwo134ca74PdLAIC41//WrHE9aD4CkTe8+3MAeFG16XWa9wdX1vlHrL976IcoMjJycGjobhsaGtq6dWteXl51dXVzc7NQKFQqlW1tbR0dHb29vf39/QP/1velwdsaHh4eGRkZGxubmJiYnp6enZ2dn59fWlq6Jzzw/bj8L9PXRAHL6qrlq6HA3b+qViuO4/ji4vLk5PTMzNzS0orZbLFacdyKjfXop8e7l/FlfHFC7bmO+vxP8dx6fBTHZ/Gu3gUMx634Co6tLg5N4hZ8Ynx2enp6xbyA46s4vmo2Ly8vL1qtlvvdQ5k2O6b9aFmrHUlOKFfY31Q7X9J4JWhDwlsPEWUX0HqSWxoHoRW4spL8WQe30XfsqgvcQ/aOLHOLzHeOzHTcl+lwKNvhcK7D0Tz7mAL72GKHmFLHuEqvpLp9CbQ92+pDXCjJB2kV97sHX1/fCxcupKenf8lkQncgEIHgDva7t+88vP9A1IEDBygUip+f313tUMQpFPGMRLx2Ij7hiFcYQoxEHGwBSXsCRNpBtC2ncP+6AggyRCAYABQAHAAqkVhGIFz38EgGSLS3j3J3P+TktMvVdYe3t09AgOvWrd6hoQ4REd4AjsHB3mFhREdHLyJxO5EYRiQedHSMAognEFIQ5JqnZymBQHFwYNjZtQC0EwgDX4ICv/xnjcViffXGXydB8A30T6GAjQZ4PB69qamsIP/M/r1Hg32j/T0iPd32+npGBPonnzxFb6xqaWkQiWqlMkZ+WU1KWvGu6LLdh0v3RpcdP9uQWyql1KuqqIqsfFl0XFV+mYyv6DuRTKM3q0Sie+fIHN4Z89fQSFYzdXjUND49ZVnFV2bNy/i0ytrsmvrHx468APEv/vj0zx85+vij8fDM2cfg2FMQ++MfJ//08aPw02j47V/hCjN5BjdPrZhXLDhuxSdGBvVqur61Ti6lScWNfG5tHbWwrCSDSim4cuVKSEiITqfr7u7m8/mFb8NvfvGz3/3iF3a/eOFXL7zwwgs/iwz1K9zzWU3phbric9TC07WFZ+srrjdU5dFrSKx6MrfivRKAGxGf0+tuNFXn1ldm1ldk1Jdn1FcW1leWN5CraFXFTdV5zRUXEj/1A4AXXngBXnjhZy+8UPg2JCUlBQcHy+Vyo9HI5XLb6Yds1tZ0qD5jb+W5PaTUvXmJYVf3B6cdCM46+lnKroBT2zeRrxwtTIra+9G6Q1u8DwZ7Hwr23BuwYfuHa3duXLd9wwdb1q31f+/dT95/L/D99wPeey9w7fufrP3A//33/d9/P3DtWr/33w9Yu/bsQb97hm6jH5Q2/5XM2hnL+xTE3iDbeOtiFXnfMu6H8KefAQDkvQfcD+HSn2DjL2612fgLSHwduB+CyBt22wEAVH9w61Vl7wMACD58u8RzXeJa388+uHvoh2jnzp3tBsPdZjAYAgMDMzIyioqKKBQKnU7n8XhSqVSpVGq1Wr1e3/Zvfb8yGAwmk6mrq6uvr29wcHB0dHRycnJ6evru8MD/zyhwp43FYlldfQgKYBi+tIRbrbjVilss+MoKPj4+PzQ0NTOzYrHgq6u42YxjZnyw04hb5pbxFXx5pmP37uJXHXDRCD6J4yt498By3+gsbsXxBQu+iOPL+OwUPj6+OD4xOzW9sGK+NYtm1fqAskF1Dz1cfSFdQyyS2xfIHDLlzheUnvGqLbsUkV6S02hTvtslBlpa7tCQ6tl4OKguPJQcvKPcJ7yAuDPLZXemc2S20/5cx0N5jocLHKOLHKNLnKLLXZPqInP56Yn0aD/abofyTJJG8MAEwZfOILBtUkzwBgIRkLDE4yk8HofL4RiNxoSEhLubIY7BiPs+hLgP8d6FeEUg7vsQe39AEAAERXwIEP5AFHBDxxBk3N6+w9lZbmfHB2hwdat0csp1dLzs5pbq7n6CQNgPsANBQpycdkREhPn7ewC4ubkFAbjZ2Xlu3brT13e7g8NWe/ttKBrp4ZHo7n6OQLhsb5/j6loJQAPgI4gSoANg7JuiAI5/FygA8H3PILh/AQA2hyMUCrlcrlQiYdCbaHV1HDZbLBZzuVwuj89gcFgsdmOzIiqhNvY07dQl1t6Yst2HSvdFV1zIYJAbNWVU2Ynz1ONnqeevNOcUcy+ks24Wcnhcwb3rCpAbaeQGkZhr6tKtmC0WHF9Ysczii2mq9Fdjfv9k4qtw6Nnnzv7i0djHfngUXkh9GmIfe/T0Tx899szj0fDrRHCOBvUseQWfmpidtF1FgwN9GnWzXtco4JMbaaUN9SWNtLIacn5VZU5KSkpQUBCfz5fJZFQqNe0NILzy0q9ffv7XL7/865eeh+dfCg/adC1sc961uMKMEwVpiQWXYwvTYopzr1WX5pKS4AJAxtmd5UWXSnPWQmO9AAAgAElEQVQvFGefL848VZQRVXTtUHFWeunN3JKCgty00wkB3gHubr/61e9vXQLPP//S88+nvQGxsbF+fn5NTU1CoZBMJvPL/3LHSlM/L0yKuHpo6/HPN534fFPCn72vRYdcOrT1zK7NJ3YH/+Vjj/BN7pEB677Y5P7FRrfPP3QLJroGrnUNWusS4PrOpnecfV3f2fzeOx86O3s7v7PpnXc2ubyz8Z13Nrm+5+Xs7P2OS8LujfcPzajYWVX1eRxl80t1HtDoAXXrvh1r9Hi+Zt3bF93dd7zj9aHr3UM/RKGhoXw+n8fn8wWCO7Zp06azZ8+mp6fn5eWVl5dTKJSGhobm5mYbpP5b36f4fL5QKJRIJAqFQqvVmkymnp6eoaGhsbGx6enpubm5fx0a+AZRgTtA8FAU0Bt62oy9Hd1D7aY+lcYoV7Xp2rsNHf1txt7OnuH+ock2Yy+PLzYZ20dG+w3dugmttOvE8eL3vHH5xLhqtqdzqmNwqpHbotV2jHR0LY9Mals6+nvmjcYBlaZdKm9VtrYZO/t6+kdMXQ+IV8/ODe4RnY9W7b4uc8qUOqZLXVOknrEtQbsku30ECXb0dMd0qkN6NUq+6Eo56kPaFVS2ZUuBb0i2x/Yst505rhG5LpF5zgcKnA4WOR8qcT5U7hJN8rvOPl8gzt7bGOlaG+9UnNc3M/xAFPhSIXZg5w/2W8ApAohRrl4RIaGHt2zdeTAqwc3V/a5m9ojjLsQ1AXWPR3z2Ih77UbdIxN4PEAIAikIIATmEgPv9KBCEaADmnJ27nJxsSwswCARyYEAZ0T3b0fECghwjEKJQdC/ADkfHHd7eEe7uOzw8tm3bFuHpGerhscPXN8LRcae9/TZHxwgEiSIQEu3tLxCJmQEBpQQCGaAZQAKgBegFmHmgP/62bse/TF8nQfAN9PVQ4J44AYfDYbH/bgUhkUhYXSc9EEeKPUWLT2qIPkGKSixNTWdkFksyi0TpuYLUdHbyJVp6Jje3WJZdKM0tEQlF9y7kwGEweQJ+XlGhVCG34vjcknkGXx3AF4Nu7l1z+L8fj/8NHHru2eSXH4977LEj8NK5ZyDmqUdP//RHJ599PgF+GwMRRT8dwak43j89PWhDgeHh4VY1QyYjt6oZPA6Vw6KwmeSG+rKmhorExMQPP/xwvfdH6zx91n7g+Y7L+2+++ZbDaw6v/d7e4TWH1//79Tf+6PjWW86u77kR13l6bfT1+cjf1y/go483+/lv/th/s9/HAR/5+X/00ce+vn6bfP18Nvn5bPLz9vH70Nt3g9em9Rt8PiB6vfue+1tvu7z++puvvfa6vb3DH37/2u9/94f/es3hTae3333Pjbjey8t708ZNvr5+fh8HfOwf4Ofn5/uRr/emjRt8PlzvvcHDy4PoSXT3cF9LdHvf/b333N59932Xd9575x3XP/3pXWfnd53ffvdPzq7v/M3e/dPb7/7prXec33J2evMtxzfefP2Pb7z+xzdef+ON1x3f+OObb77p/I7L+++tXfeBp7eHt6+nr5+X/8fenwRsCP7YPcjH5ZMNbwYS/2uz2283v/fqZpefb/7Tms1vv7D57Z9sfuu5zW89u/mtZzc7PRPwAHs2wOnZAKfnNr/1fMBbL/i/9aL/W8jHb/3so7dQn7de9Xrr1+vf/r3HO//t+f5bG4jvenm5+/h6+n+yKfjPAaFhQZ+HBe8I2xIWtjUs7LOwsM/CwraGhW25yz4NCwsOC/tke9jmP4f5h4T5h4Rt/nPYJ9vCgnaEfRoW9llYWGhY2LawsO1hYZ+Hhe0IC9sR9m99T8rNzZVIJGKxWKlU6nS6/v7+0dFRGwrY0gT/4xxg+ZooYLV+dRSw3bLPLcwPjQz3Dw5MzUxbrKu2k9iqxWzBpmamu/p6F1bMVhzD8Tl8thtn1ylOn8GncXwRX1pdWcKxaWxVbzTh+Ay+PI5juNWCr1rxVdy6gi1PTI33DfQOjw5ZrNj97gHHrRWtZUGic2daPC+JXC8I3U4LPaOFgTv54X6caIeGVEJOictpChRdcSyLJRbv9snb6p/pF5zpFZrrEZbrvivfbU+Ba2SR674S1/1lrvsq3WOo29M4qScYif60PQ5V6Wc5jVb8AZsUOzk5bdu2bdeuXQTCfUUAKII4uSLuQbBtC0Tuh8Bt4BkCrn7gFALuu8HpdvEg4oK6pqDuaSjxBOp9AHU/TnA9g9rvRBB7BBxRCCUgEQg4348CB9AKBFkAGAYwASgdHXmenjRPT5Kzcz5AGoqmABxDkMMAkR4eBwG2A4TY2YX6+0c6OIQiSAhAqJfXQQIhEiCKQEgEOIuiV1xccj08qjw86p2dOQAKACOCDAIsPjgqkADfqX2dBMH3VSvw1SUUCik0efSp6pgzdfvjK9JyBQWV6rRc3tUc7rU87sVM5tkrTcUkBalBm3GTlZ7DSr/JFUvv3QqSzqTWsusbOfxWfTduxTEcH8MtvOWeP8QH/OyYO0T9xyPxP/3xqReeSnjsySPw83PPQ9xzEP/cj88+/+Jx+M+DUN75wbilAMfbsIUh3IqvrFhHJ6eUrWy+qFKpoIuFDQJeHYNeRanOTz133OvjT3wDgirJ1J7+4c7u/nZDh0ajU8iV8ha5Qq5UKdVqtUanbzeaOrt7BwaHx0bGJ0fHp8YmpsYnp8cnp8fHp8bGJ0fHJkZHJ0ZGx4dHxodHxoeGxweHxvoHR/v6R7p7Bgymbq3OoFZrFQq1XKaUyRSyFplCodRqdUZTZ0/fwODQyPDI6OjY2PjE+MTE+NjYyOjI0MjQwPBA32B/70Bvd193V29nZ3eHqdNoMBnaTe3tpvZ2Y3u7sb3d1N7eYWjvNLV3dRi6O29ZV4eh09RuMrQb2nXtWq1Oq9VqtVqNVqvR6rTt7YYOU1dvd99Q39Bo/+jY4MT40PTkwMx498yIYXpAN92jmu6UTpsE00bWTDt9tr1xVt8wq6+f1dfN6mtndTaj3ndQN6urm9PXz+obZvRN0zr6lI45ruOM6HiDOmGfTtqjV/WatH3d7f39nUOjfePTw7NLk0uWGbNl1mKZt1jmLZYFi2Xh9vHcbZu1WGYxy/SKZXLZMr5oGV+0TC5ZplcsM2bLnMWyYLEsWSwrFovZYjHfjubebffKtkrBbbNarSUlJdZvW3w+/1+8w28i2yfGZrNtQJCVlcXn8+Vyuclk6u/vtwUG5ufn/3+OCvxzKICtrCwNjw6Mj4+aLUs4voqtLuP4qhXHVlex8cmRqakJDMeXcXzFiuPWOXyuF+9S9teQ8Dkct+DL+Pw0PrmE4zNLS+Ojrbi5F7eumpdwHLf99GHm1cXZucmJ6ZGZ2QfsjoPj+PB0TwD9YoRg1yk+8TTXPZHjeYgTEMbc7kff70Q9CQU33OIqkbR0Qm6cc/ZuYmaIT2ZAYLbv1lyv7fke4QXEXUXuESXue8vc91YS95K8DlK3RdEiQ2i7XOviHQuLOiaGcBy/3z14eHicO3fu+vXrTk5/Py8AACGg4O8Ju/0ghgBxjhDpDIdc4JgT7POBKFfYi4A9AADYEVG3BNTzHOp1AvU5TCCmox4kxDkREABAEMQTRXYiyAOiAolwwg0GAKbt7bu9vdXu7hICgYkgNa6u5Y6OOQhyBSAF4FhwcJyzczSBsIdA2IUg4UTiQXv7cATZBbDHxeVQSEgciiYSCMkAV+zsst3dygAoCMIMDWX7+irs7bsQZMIJecDszX8FFAD4n5lB8E+Jz+eXVYuOX6BFHScdSqxIvcY8daHx6ElS8hXW2ausmFOkUxdpF66zj6fUnTpPP3OBcb2Azxdp7xl6X9wXX8T+paqJ3TO0YF7EZ1awTnw+uYWM7N/0ytmPYc/Pnj75ylMnnnky4ZGnj8AvUl6E2Gch+qlnUp9/Pg5czoJ8NXABz8ZxFW4ewq2rCwuro1OzcjVbIKFweTUMehW9sbKOWnz65FG3Dd7VtbTWzj6uXFvPFJGo9LzCivS0zOTTKaeOn0o+k5J67tKlS9euZ+UVl5OpDSy2SCFW6KWqdpnaoNAYFa0GmbpdptC1yLWSFo1YqhFLNEKxhidSc/gqJkdOZ7bU0rgl5XVZWSUXL11PTr505nTqqZPJJ46fTklOvX49u7ScTGvisAUtAolcKleq1Wq1WqmQS2VivpjHFDAbOU00Bq22kUqpr66qqSyvLi2uKCgoz8+rKMyvKs6vLi2oqSiiUcrotEo2vZrLpHCZFC6zhsusYdGrG+rKa0hFlSV5Jfk5+TdzbmbnZGfm5OYUlJSRq2vpNIaoWaRgydS8Vo2oXcc1ttIMLRUGzs32xjQD9bSJHN1ZEdFb+nlfUchAYdBQof9wge9I/qaRfJ+RPJ+RvI0jeT6jeRtH8zaO5vmM5n00mu8/VhAwVhg0WvjZQMH23oIvOvP3tOUdUNw8IshJpOck0fIvN1Zm0euLmewagZzR2iXtmmqbxLoWsN4VbADDhjFsFMNGMGzIbB40mwfM5n6zud9s7jObe5bNHXPm9mmzZtysGTO3TZlNs+auRXO/2TxiNk9i2KzZPG82L5rNyxi2gmF3V3//zQvdvWDRHRTA8ZLS0r9b1vDbML5A8C/e4Texuz8xNpsdGBhoowGNRtPZ2Tk4ODgxMTE7O7u4uPivEBj4ZiiwumqxWFYfigKzs9Pjo2MTE2PYihnHV3ErbrGYVzELjq+uLC2PjY3MzcxacHwBx82rOL60gM8N4wujM2oFbsbNq/gSPjWPT81Y8RUcN3ZycWs3bl3FLThuxVdXMesqhuMYjq+uWlfGx0YeiAI4jpM1dK/G5P2sgBiGZzTdO7LJfzst1K82wpkUC/nnneLy7I6nI1fjHNL3uN7Y7pm1xS83IDjPL6TAe3uRV3iJ164yz12VXrtI3jvJfuHULVvrtnvR9ttX3cgXS239/xMJAnsP2LIPonzDbwInF0RxwIwF2SkwNoHEBF6XAA4g4OZoQwHE8zDinYT6nkA9L6CeGajPDcQ1ylYrgCDuKBqOIK73o8BxiN4FtS4uc0Riv52dCUFUBIIQoBlBKERimb19LkAail7w9k5FkAQUjQGIsrM74O8fhyAHAaIAjgLEE93PubikAly1t892dytFEDKCNKGogEBQEIn6rVs73D1mtiGch6PA391bJ8Cdx3vOf1njBzb7iihw/639vWe+sr4jFBCJRBUUYWxS3d7oygPx1fvjK6KOU/YeLT+YUB2f3Bh7mnr6Mv3kBdrlbH7cGcqZi/SMfJ5Yei8K1AlKybI6mkChM07hFnwRx+XmkXUXD645EvSz5EDY/dIzx5GnTz3zRAw8fQhePfcSHHwSEp5/JvW5Z4/CEcETbbj/Kp6B4xJ8qRO3mpcx6/D0LE/aIFHU8QW11aSbJUUZWTcueG3+pLqOpujsbZCo6/ktdQwBiUrPKyxPS7uRfPrsqWOnkk6nnEu5ePHitYwbeUWl1RQai8mXCWQ6kVwvVrS1qNtbVAaJvE0i04klGrGkVSTRCCQagVTDF7dyBa0snrKZrahvEpaTGnPzKtLSslNT086lXDqbdD7pzNkLqZeysvLKK2sam7kcgUwgkUtlCoVSpVQq5C0SiZAv4jB5zCZ2Y31zHbWBQq6rrqqpqCCXlVQVFVYVF1LKi6mkMhqlormexGFSxLx6ubRJKWco5UylgqlWMhUtzSJ+PZtJaayrpJLLqitKykuKiwqKiorKK0nUGhqrkS1hiRUcuZqv1oj1OkF7K71NRtHzSnTNWfr6S0bqyU7ykZ7KyP6K3YPlO0bKto6WfjpeGjxRGjRR+slk6SeTpZ9MlX4yVRo0VRY8VbZ1uix0umL7dOUXk5URoxUHhiqO9JXHmcpOqEvOiIrOMQuuNJZk0ckFjKYKFrdeqGC3dsu7pw2TWNci1reCDWLY6G0bNpvv0IANCHqXzZ3zZuO0WTdm1o2ZDVPmjjlz95J5wGweNZsnMWzObF74Nwr8T6CAjQbCwsJqa2ulUmlbW1tvb+/IyMg9gYHv3OF/ub4mCtwxW2TpISggEggVMnmnqaOro1On0bbp9F0dnbZjpVyhUii1rRq11qTQj5u6Zk0timm9cqpNzaqq6DUNmnr6VZ0Sw4iurWeQJ5YZOkRCIUnWIhnoHWnXG4ztBqOhzWhoa2/TtbfpDO0PWPzO9mu+uLIQRcv3rzsQUe+3t85nJ9U/hLzFpzLcpeQgknWMkHDZKTINUo/ZpR1wvr6TmL3N++aWgPzALYX+IcW+28p8d1T4hlX57qj2304J3kLd5lu3x4l6dg+FNr+ybOv/n0ABt3DYFxBDhkk14N6AI4AD4AB4DHT1Q2AGAXZ5gKs/AADqgBB3IL7HEb/jqNdZ1OsS6p2Kuu65FVpAfFB0j21f4/uiAgkJEOdj1wkwB9CPou0IogAQANARhOLmVu7snOfulmlndwXgHEASip4EOO7lddbB4RiKngA4A3AORS+7u2e6ueV6eZWiKNnevpGA8hBE4e2tcnXtcnUdDyL2xCEn/yEK3H1wj+O/517/nsYP/NPXTxB8A31HKCAQ8KmNLacuNcYl10UcKtu2J3f7vqKdh8i7o8siosp2HyzbfbBib3TZ2auM1HR6ZjGvskYjkqjvGbpRUFXNoVRQmeKWLgzHp3G8aWHwJ+E+Pz32+U9OfQR7kCfinn4u+dlHo+Gx/fDL1Jcg8tHHk196KeWRl48AA3Pssnha8XTcIlme6cStq6ur1omZWQaHLFI3VjJIiVeT9p2MjojZ7+Pvr+7roynU9WJZHU9MbeZX1TTmFZRfvXo96dTZk8dOnjl1NuXsxfMX0tIycvOKqqpq6E1sCUes5kk0AqlW2KITteiEUo1AouGL1DxhK1/Uyhdr+GItT6TlCDVsfiuTq2pgiEkURn5R9fUb+Zev3Lh4If1C6tXUcxeuXk67ebOIVF1HZ/F5IrlIopDKVEqVSqlUtkglYiFfyGHxGE2sRhq9nkqjkOtJpFpSZU1lObm8tKaqjEapYtDIHEatiEdTSJs1Kna7XtBhEHUaxZ0mcVeH2Ngu0qo5ihaGiE9jM2ubGmrqaqpJVZUkEpla19jA4DL5Mo5UxVdoRGqtVKcXtWlYOjlNIyC1soo1jZn6+gtG6slOcmxP9aF+0r5h0l9GSV9MkL6YJIVNk3bMVu+YrQ6brQ6brQ6frd41R46Yo/x1rubgHPXoLDVhknpqlJo6SL3UTbmqJV2TVmWyynOaq4qY9RUsRg1H2CRWC7S9qp4Z4yTWs4j1m7EhDBvFsLHbgYFhDBvCsEEMG8SwAQzrXcG65jHjDNY2jrWNYcZprHMO6126BRCTGDaHYQsYtohhK7dXh/s3CnxvKGDF8bCwsMuXL3O5XLVa3Xk7MDA3N/d/AgUwDMNxfHV1FcOw1dXV5eVlHMeXl5fn5ub6+/tXV1fNZvOK2YJZ8VUrjq9g+KoZX17sbGvDV3HMYrXg5iXLotmKW3HcjC2Mj/dPTk7afqMtFovZbLbaZiji+Orq6pehAI7jg5NjgcUX/Su3b6vwDy3zDywO8irY5py9G02LglNJLruuwalk5PJRh+uRrtk7PfO2+RZsDSgODi4N3FoWGFIZGEoKCqFsDaZu963b41J3zL+qcmBi+k7nD0wQJCcnh4WF/T0I2AFxK0TZhV4HKhekZdBOg746MNIhnwQOSQA7t4BXOBCcAQAQFHENRnyiEd8YxDce9TmFep1EHcMAUAAEQfxQdIdtX+P7UCAxAaIPQrYdzAJMAvQiiJ5AkNtoAKDGza1qy5YyJ6dcBLkOkIYglwAu+Pld3b37FIpeBLiKQIajY05AQKmHRxUABYAOwAeQA+gdHbsQdMzLYzISKU2Aw98DCtzf8uskCL5ByuA7QgEWi8kTqjKLxeeuNV+4wYlPrt0eWbAtoiB8f/GOvQXbdt8MjywI3Z0bHpmXfJmRlsvlivuEQsk9Qzc0kEUcAbue09MzNo3jHTjufzPj1eN/ffpI0LPH1j0e+4vHE55+8vRTEAtPx/3wuZPPQMyPHz3xo/84Dh+lwQL+zvDkWzheiK8azSvzVhy3rlrHhvplckaDtCGOVLD56jnvU/GE91zKqTXsdn2dXFYrFlO5gppmbmVNw82CsqtXM5JOJp9IOHH6RFLSmdSUlMuXr2Zm55WWVdXXNvHpHGkzV8bky9kCBUeoYPOVLJ6cxZOzeXI2X8kRqHjCVq6olSNoZfHVTJ6qkSEhU5nFpTXZOcXXruWkp2WlXcm4ejntekZWUVFZDbWByRUJJEpJi0quUCtVrUqlSi6VSoQCIZfFY9JZTQ3N9XUN1BoapbqeQqqnVNVTqhprq9n0WgG3QSZhtCo5bTpBp0na36scGlQNDaqHh9QjQ62D/cruzhZDm1Cj5sqlTCGfzmQ2NDTU0WgNTQwWkyfmSpR8uVas0kk1ermuXabX8bVKpkZMU3FIakaRtjFLT7tsoJ7tqDnZQ00cpMaMUA+PU6MmqVEztVFzdVHz9VELtCMLtCOLtJjFhsTFhpNLTUlLzefn6VdnmjPHm/NHmot7m0raaaXKujJ+TSWbSubSa/m8BoGE1aKVtPW39s10TFn6liyDZsuwxTJ+20Ytljs0YAOC/hWsewHrmMEME5hhHOuYwbrnsb4lbBDDxjFsCsPmMWwRw5YwbOVOxcADdc++BrbM9/eIAtczCz7eHPYQu55Z8O2iwN0j2jq//8w3RwEmk7ljxw46nd7S0mIwGPr6+sbGxmZmZu7kCL59D/+V9Z2jwP23WWazGcfxgYEBHMeXlpZwHL/jzm2yWq2dnZ0PvEVbXFy0JVce+NeHoACO4x1Dg/65p71yt/pl+/tkBXpkbnXOCCekHYBzJ5z2pNtFX4QLx+wyopyy97rl7fQs3OFbHOpfFhJYERJUFRJUvS2gJtybute1LtGfXNw5PHF3z/e7B0dHx+DgYE9Pz79HARR8PCDaEQ5sgZ0ecMgZTjgjqQQ4jsJOJ9jmgPgGg+OtTYYAQRHnYMQrEvHdj/gdQHz3Ij4HEJdtCDgAOCCoL4qGAzg+EAXiIT4RDoVDg53dAoqOAvQA6AEUAEIAprs7zc6O4uJS6eFR5u5e6OJy09k5288vz9k528Ul18OjIDS0wN290o5AJhJpCMIAEBAIMgA9gdCFIKN29vOJW6jxcDge4r9GguAhKHB34y9r9jUTBN9A3xkKsIRCUUFFy4nzdWevNhVTNGVU1dVszv5oSuiu4vB9xYdPUOKTG4+epEYfq7xeIBHLTAI+/56hT8bEx0ccrc4tN5p6hnCcjS+/eT75uSO7n4re/OyxD34Y/fNH4h57/MxTP0x89NFD8FLKGoj+wY/PwG/iIUv11Bz+nytzLjheiVv6F80rGI5bV60TQz3KFlaThPzp2e2v7Xz3Zb/feQR8ZBobqlO3UGXiGpGghsOraWZX1tBu5pdevZqRdDLpRMKJk8dPnz559syZ86nn067fyM8vJlWS6dQGTm0jr76J39AsamwWNzSLGptFjc2iJoa4mSVlcGQsnpLFUzG5SgZX3syRNzSLKFRmaVnNzbzSzMz8Gzdyb1zPuXHtRm5OXnk5qZ7G4AqkYllri0KjVGnUGq1arVHIZC0ikYjH5bOYHHoTs6G+qZbaSK2h19U011MZDbWc5noRr1nZwtZrhCZDS3eXYrC/dWxUPzHRNjnRNjnZNjXZNjGuHxrU9PQoO4wtOp1IqeCLRWwOm8Fiszh8IV8sE8k1ElVbi6ZNqTOo2ozKtjaprpXX2sJU8mlKdrWaUayh52hpGW31Vzrqz/fSkgdpyaMNyRNNSdP0pLnm5AVG8gLz7CIzZYl1YYl1dYmTscTNWeIVLPDKZvmkSX7dOL9hgEczseo1zfXSpgYhnS7iNItFLImCr2yTGwd1/XPd05b+JcuQ2TJisUxYLBMWy7jFcndswGYDK1jvAtY1i5kmMdME1jmD9Sxg/cvYMIZNYNiULSRgsSzfrh+85XkeVD/4ABQoKbl3F8TvDAU+3hz28Kvy481h3y4K3D2izfffc+ZbQQGr1RoWFkaj0UQikW2JjuHh4enpaduUwv8TKGBbisDm8peWlmwLYi8sLOA4brVaLZZb30AbJaysrLS3t1utVgzDbI9ms9n2crPZPD09PTg4uLCwYOvNYrGsrKysrq7i/wgFcBzvGx3dW3LVPWu7R+YW9xshzhk77dL3w4UEu+iLzhHpkJKMpMfbZ0U550W6F+32LNnpXR7mWxnmS9rpQ4nwpO53rj25t6lqYGLmnm7/iQSBPYCvJwRdh+Aq8M+FgPMQfAD8IsH7AHiHgaMnwO2lCFBXxDEM8YhCfA4hPnsRn12I9w7EdReCeiLggKBuCLodHjSDwIYC8RCXCIdDECHBbhFBxgiEbgKhDUDl5CRxceECMABoDg5kFxeSszPJ3b0yOJjk6lrp7ExycKh2cSEB1AM0OzpyXFzEACoE0aNot7PzICBLAaCOg7h4iPsqKPBNogL3t/n6CYJ/vVoBFoslFPCbGMozFxlJl5riT5MvXmeVUxVUhv5qJutwYlXUsarElPpz6Yz0m9z03EahSMK6b+FhKYfPo7KlTLFM29aL4yek3Ffjj/5of9iPYz994dT6H0b//AfRjz15+uknjj/+6AFAU5EfJMBjMfBBGrTh706s/AKbX4vjFHx1aBFbwnDcumoeG+qUSVkcUSaV/xlN5pNf9wExwKd7fLhGJayR8WuE3BoOp4bOqqyh3cwvuYUCccfv+Y5nZhcVllSXVdZVkOqryA3VNXQytZlMba6hMmpqGdQ6Vl0Dh0YXNDYLmxiiJqa4kSFqZIjqG3lkSlNZGaUgvyw3pyA3uyA3Oy83K7e4oJhcTW2is4ViuUypVah0Ko1eo9VrNFqlQimTSMR8Pp/N5jIYrKbGZlp9M62e1dTAaW7ksekSAVMp4+m14g6jvK9HPTSoHRttm5o0zMx0zM6aZmc7Zmc7ZqZN42NtQ0O6vr7Wjgxi3DgAACAASURBVA6lXt+iUokkEr5QJBRJWyRytVStl2kMSr1R1WbSGDpa2w1ynUbcquApRQw5r17BJisZZarGAk3jzbbG7A76jd7m60OM66OsG5PsGzPcrHle1jw/d4GfuyQsWBKWLIkqlySUJWn9Qgt9toU93SKckImGpMIuIb+Nz1NyuC1cnkzMl8kE8lZJq1HVMdw+NN8zYxlcsgybLaO3UWACw8ZvZwpG/1ZIiPUtYt1zWMcU1jGJdc9iffPY4DI2gmETGDaNYQsYtmSxLN+1fQx2HxDcIxsQ/K9Hgft9/93H31ZUwIYCtbW1AoFAo9F0dXUNDQ1NTk7aygX+r6DAnVt/s9k8NDSE47gtWbCysnLnQ7e1sVqtHR0d9/zf3/1y20raNveP47jFYrEd/EMUwHF8dmExj1vvdH23S2a4U8Yuu/T9cDEOjqe4hd1AEy/DldNoZrzDzcPOhQdcS/a5l0cSKyOJ1Qdca2KdKWfzFcL55ZX7+3wgCnzpDsWoM9hvBWISeN0Ap2hw3APOUeC0B+w8bAF/GwggiC9iF4m4HkR8diK+O1CvfahbNOp0BiGEI0BE0CAEDQKE+OUoEB8PcQkQuxVEKLqAoOMA/Qhi8vBQEwhyFJUgCN/VtdnFpRGgEaDB25vm5FTn6lJHJNIQhAXAB5AgiJxIVBMIRhTttXcYAVgKAHU8JCZArG2IfxYFbPoqKHDPJ/y/MirAZDKlUmlVjejiDd6F6+y4M9R9R8suZTKE0t7iSvmpCw3X8wWVVE0ZtVUoaeWwWfejQDO1QUATNlKaxW1GJY69cezIK8fif3TkL88c//OLSd4/OvrKI0cff+rU008mPPFM9I9ePvPMT07DDyIgvuWpftx1BvvVwoQ7jjfiltFFbAHDcat1aXSoUyrlcgXX+a1blSYfCtuV6L+xe3y4RsWnyLgUIaeGw65pZlXV0PIKS9PTMlJOnz0ZfxwA7mRUAODKlRuZmYV5eWX5BeWFRZXFJdWlZeSyckp5JbWyqraqmkamNNbUNlPrmXUNrDoau66BXdfAodYyqqvry8qqCwvL8vOKCvOLCvOLiguKKssq62obmGyBpEWtULerNO0aXbuuzaDTtanVrYoWuVQkEvF4fA6by2SympvZzXQemyHisaRirkou1GulJqOyr1czPNw2NmacnDTNzHbOzXXPzXXPzfXMzffMznVNTnWMjRmGh9v6+nQdHWq9XqFStcgUMrlKpdDolTqjqq2ztb1Ta+jSm7r1xk61vk2uUUmULTy5kCnnNcg5VDmzWsWo0jErDezyLk5ZP69iWFA5LqqallTPtZDnWyjzLdRFef2iomlRwVxU8RZVwoXWlrlWxUyrZlKjHVGrexVKU4tMJ2lRS1rUipbWVmmrXtHWqeseNY0s9s1ahpYtI5hlDMMmb5sNBcbuAoJhM9a/iPXOYZ1TWOcU1jOH9S9gg8u3CgVmbNkBW1TAhgIPooEH6C4UuFM68P2gwP2pgTvnv10UuJ8G7gz09TjgIShQU1PD4/FsO0XdXS7wvxwFzGazbS8m2/tcWFgYHh5eXl6en5/Hcdz2eI9Tt1gsRqPRdt4WJ8Bx3Pa9tR0vLi729fXNzc3h+K2ggu38V0EBmwyDfUn1hXbp+wnXouBSHCQnOUdmuOzNhNSLcO0MmnPMviDOsSTGqSLWiXTMqepMqrDONDbyZb3d7x6Cg4MLCgq2bt36IBggAMEX7EOA4A2oNxC8wc4X7LwBuQsdEATsPAhoGsE+neBynuB2geB6GXW6itrfJKDXEPBCkS0IshXgATMI7kKBW7GBMKATYA6QWSKxz9m5E0UNBIIGRZUAMgApgAhA6OEhcHbm2dsLg4PZBEILgApASyAY7O273Nz6AGYI6HwI8BMg5g4H/EMU+I7sq6DAt6vvCAVskskUZJrs/A3OpRv85MvNFzKaCstkF9Ka03O5FzObiisVYomez+fZGt8zdHVRFZcmYjAk4p6BbKPmPw7vQZNP/zBu/1PHP3/ulPcPj/7i8dgfP3P6+adiH/vJkSf+48Tjzx6FXyYAeeG33fgfllbtFie8cJyDW6aWVueW8RWrdW5w0CCW8Onistj8TXtz3tx27r+I/hu7x4coCj5ZxqsRcWu4XCqTQ6prLCiuyLiWdT75PAAkJCTYOOAWC9yl7KyCm7lFeXklBfllxUUVxcWVZWXVlZU1JFIdmUwj1zTWUBtrapqo1CYyhUYiUSvKSSVFZUUFJSVFpeUl5ZWlFWQSpamRweNJZAqtSmfU6E26tg69oUPfZtBodEqFqkUiFQuFIr5AwOXy2Gw+hy0W8GRSgUoh1mplRoOqu1s7OGgYHTWNT3ROTXXNzPbMzvXabG6ud2auZ2qqa3y8c2TUODBo6OrRG0warV6t1qrVOp26zdDa3qkxdGuNPfqOnraO3raOLk2bQanRylQKkULKk4uYMn6TjNOgYNM0PFobn9YhpPWImwalTaPy5iklc0bFmlWz51q5cxrBvEY8r5PN61Tzes1cm262zTDd1jHZ1jGqbx/Q6LvUmnaFWqdQ6TRKfZtCb1AZett6xzvHlvrnLMPLllEMG8ewSQybuo0CfwsMmM2jZvOw2TywaO6bw7qmsK4prHcOG1jAhu5CAVvN4LJtf/m/Lxv8mx4EBN8/CticyD0u/8vOfysocIcG7riwb8IBD0cBLperUqlMJtP/IRSw3M4L2DQ6Ojo2NmaLB+B33dDbZGu5urp6Jypwx/3bCg/v7md6enp5efnuzr86CuA4brXi3aPDZSLW3pIcxwvn0cR0z/B8h7hcuJQOmReR3FSX4ksHG0pIGknf5PhD+nkgChAIBFdXV0dHRxcXF9uORHZ2dq6urrZjlOCMOgaCnS+gtr2JUUAc7nNACAopBPQKgqYCIQm1jweHaLA7BXAawAHAy8YB8A9QIN5WN7AfbnoRel3dZxHCJIEwSCB0EwgmBGkH0AFoAVo9PZV2dmoALYAOQdoJBBOK9KDoAMCks+sskTC4F8oS4ZAtL/BwFPh+9K8z9DdEATabxePzGSx5bhE/LYufUyxMv8lJvcrMzBNVkiUSiVokEjKZzAeiwJG9h48dSW7kyJg9ff43Lj+3f+eas6chdt8j8X9+4tiGR4784qmE539yZs1TRx//8V8f/e2pJ34cAWF0EOCEIfzXCyu/wxc/w3EJbplbWp1bxhcw63TfUJtYLKwX1oam+n0Q67g++m2i/6bu8eEapbBGJqwRC2v5gjq2gEJjlpSTv4ycWCzWncfM6zk5mXk3swvyc4sK80qLC8tLiyvLy0iVlRQSqfbCNoDtVymUegqlnkKuqybVVFWQy0sry0srqsqryFXkmuqa+toGJpMrEsvlre2aNvG1DQAbcnim7jZjp1bfrlJrZDKFVNIiEUtEIpFQIBSJhLIWiVIp02qV7YbWzi59X59xaKRzdLxbW/qh7V/oWyGbnu2bnu2fnu2fmumbmO4dm+geGesaGO6kxQMAQHS1ztCmMxp1xk6tqUfX0afv6Gvv6jd0DbR39umMHa167uX1t9/w/kJ2i5AlF7Jaxew2CcfUwutW8PtVwpFWyYROOqVvmW6Tz7QrZttVswbNrFE/a2yfNZlmTR3Tpq4pU8+EqWfM1DnYburRt3dodUat1tCuMRhbDV3ajgHDwFT3xMrAvKWV7P+3j9i/Ro9hE3cFBmw0MHILBczd0+buaaxvDhtYwOjJAD9I4dyDArdrBR6AAhbLP0SBe2gg4Vjqw6v8Eo6l/rMoMDw8PDw8fD8KPPD8t4sCw7f1HaEAhUKxoYDRaBwYGPhfggI2e9gSQ3e56oWFhbGxsZWVlZmZGdtT/Haa4G4ywDDsTlTAcpsk7sxBsLW0FQ1MTU3Zwga22MC/jnuwXbABAQFFRUUeHh4AEBwcnJGR4er6/9h78+gmzjzfu7jvve+Ze8897zvvnCHp+56ce28npGemmenb3ZmengSSAAkkIQ6QYLKw2GwWkBBCAoFgJ4Ss7SSmp3vuS+hlMk0nccjiGGzZxvvGZjaDAe+75F1eZEmWpaqy9f5RVrlUu6SSSiV/P+d3fORS1VNlqcq/Tz3PU8/zIEEQR48ezcr6bt265xYtWvLb3/4mI+MTgiB27NiRmZn5/vvvz58//6OPPvrd7363Zs2KhIQln332+3/911/fdRdx4PXXTn71xfvvHyEI4r333vnf/9+/Pvfcc2pU4G3i7SNE6tvEOyaieBExSBCe1w+2P5NomT+//667rARhIYjuhIRWguhetqxt/nwrQfTNv2voF4tGtm4buI8Y2UpUH57/wTvEG8JiY+cD13HXzFwD4VFdc/Hi5Su1NZdunT1/s7SytuZy88WauitXrp49W11dXc2ux9v1tbNXL569fbnJ+nHBmf/56s6/emvff/34V8TbB/7Deyl/8V7Cfzj0P/7L4f/7r371139x6D/911f+w9//6j8uSCO+c/2Pm747J3z32h33+sgXfb46H+2dnBp3+8a90yPdA001ly8VnS99898PPffB2kd3P7w88enu4aH8umv5tVfPXL1WeOlq4fmrBWXns3MLCYLw+XxHjgT85KnAv//b53/+05ef//mrzC++/uqrb7/+Ouvbb7O/z8o5lW3OySn41+0Esf3TPHNRfl5Rfl5RnvmMOSc/95Q595Q5Pzf/TH5h0ZmSsrKq8xeuXK29dbOhvaHV0thmbW63tnT2NOcfnkekZdU33airr71ed6227uq161eu1l6rvV53s+524+2mlsa2zpZOS7u1v7N/yDI4bB0a7an8kCA+LB2293FjaLR3cMQ6MGztLT9MEE/+6Wpna2d7c3t7c0dnU6e1sbO3qau/ubu/pbu/tbu/pau3sa37+0ME8dgfSm7dvlJ388v9y39dcu1C3bWL9dcvNdddab91tav+ek9jXX/zLVtr/Wh7w2h741hHk72j2d7Zau9st3d12ru67N3do93W0W7rcLd1qKu7v6Pd2tba1drc0drU0dHY2d3QYW2yDLYPOCyjVNlHBEEkfm2dqRU4m0EQREaVoGJggCT73KTVQXaf+4SYl1HkIHsnqAEPZRPWCjDDDoo2E9AiFQNCFeDagOZN+2ufNVmtVqvVKrQKdrnmKsB4gDWQSDQQ5ObmVldX37hxY26pQHNzc3t7e0dHx40bNyoqKpqamhobGy0WS319fXd3d0NDQ0dHR2NjY1tbW1tbW3Nzc2dnZ1NTU2FhYXt7e0tLS2tra3Nzc3Nzc2trK7MCM9dTX19fXV1dTU1NfX19Z2dnS0tLY6PIuAJ6pQdGBe66666VK1fO1ATcddfKlSuZ5UuWLElMTGTmK9q0aVNiYiJBEPfdd5/JZFqxYsX8+fNXrVqVnJz8k5/85Cc/+cmmTZvWr19PEMSyZctSUlKYQhISElJSUphpDwVDDL33DvGOMN4ljrxHpB4h0l8mCvasqvvn+WN3Ee67755YuNAxf75zxYrRu+5yPPigff78ibvmu+8jxtcQHS/NLz5MZLxHpL5LHBEtM3Y+cB13XV9ffztsbt26devWzQb/sLcN9cyym7zVeLu+fr62qLDmN19+v+a99//f/S/+l8P7/s9P0on33/zPH+/5vz565j8e+p//+a2//MsP/uovDvwf/8/r/+kfPiASfk/U+RZ2+/6S9v1wdOxen3evz9fgo6cYFXBPj3QMNl+4fKnkXNXFjsvnWy9+Vfn1Y+vWWUdHi283FN+sL71eX3rtdtmV2yXnr+eXnD+VWyRlA6wKnMzMmqkGyMrNzjafPpWfm3MmL6+ooKDkzJnS4zsJYscfi4sriosrS0srS0sqSooriovKSorKy0qrKsrPVlVdOH/xypVrt27cbm1oszZ39jd39bd0D7Ra+lvOvDOPOJzd0nGrofVmfXPd7aa62003bjUwFtDU1tba2dFh6erus/QM9PTZ+vpH+gdHBso/IIgPywfHBgNidKB/pL9/uL+34ghBHCno7Wm3WFot1lZLb4ulv8U61GK1tfbY2piwDjV33fjdSuKxP9bcbGy90dB8/Xbjtdv11+rra5sab7Q113W03rK01fd2NPZ3NdssLSOWthFr22hP+1hP+1hv51hv11hv91ifZbTPMtJnHenrGemz2nq7B3o6+yxt1q4Wi6XF0tNi6W+2Drb0jXXaJnta8lYRxHvXaLZ1YIyyfptIrDZbuRUDNpIc9JJ9brLH6VcBJ9k3QTIqMOZXgUmK8vjHFSBlWgoCbUBRBUZlCUEFOmSJULdBbvnc19p2G5yLKnAi6rD/KLFr7Bq7Doo//elPn3322R/+8IdPP/30t7/97UcfffTmm2+ufG5975ijsrmzsqmjuqHj7O2Oczc7qmtbyi7cLKy4ZD5TJV83kGMuMeeX5hWUFxRWFBZVFZVUl5SdKy2/UF55saK65t9fJoiXM8+eK8xYRizNKDx//sq584UZy4ilR89crCn+l0eJR187sHxGLRL+cGWorWck78g84khVe+kH8/yV5Y99dq2h9ervV/p/f+LEuQ5r69UvniQS3npnFUEQb1cM9Y0M942O9I+OlH1IEB9WD4yN3vx2DbHmg3fXMNus/rJxuK/qfbYC/skvb7ffOMkWSTz1Xc2AvX1gvLN/vL1vrM063Fz4LkEQb+RZ69u6b7d23WzpvNnaWfnZk/4NEv6trq9tqO7fVxMr33/Pv/S9wlFb96jN0vh1ArH688Zha+PXCeweT97uHBi8/OUq4ql3054iCOKDvP6xjqEJyxjVd/EoQRytomnGA+wUNcZUDCSaGyjr12uJ1RkZq/wtB192Uj0XMmYP/JT1Zs5aItHcRFHjlDV77WwbQ66VoijKak4kEo9mzDQ+rDP30DRN0z3mmQXzfl2rTgV6ZAlBBVpkicTDhNzCGTNQ3B1UQJUK7NIJ7Bq7xq5DY8eOHSkpKdu2bUtOTl6/fv0zzzyzav3mAYe7ptNW02G71GG73D50pXXoclM/ESRna26eu3Tr/OXbF67cvnit/tL1his3Gk++Po/Yf/pa3bl/fYxY/un567dart86/78fI5Z/eqGuvubTxwmCePJ3F3uaOm9+lkAQT313edB15r15xLsXu4dcXeXp84gP8/pG23qGzW/PIw5XtFqHWq23P3uKWPllfWfdtwkEQaz+rnZkvHfU0W93MlH2IUF8eKHf7qz77mmCIJ76rq3f3pa5hiA+vNBnd/aeTSeIXxUNO7pt5w8TxJMn27ptE93DHSdWE8T7l7uHJ7uHJ7uGJjoHnR399raSDwiCIBJOnrMMNXcPNhe+SxDv5fUNtw0MX/pqDbH62yvDzSfWEATx9J+bxq32C28TxNvnnD12R+13TxMfXui1XzhCEEfOOXrHHD2NWQnE03+uH79ycg1BEE+ebOsanuganuweo3qd9M3TiURiXiNNj9K0nabtFGWnqCZzIqsCTNvBEGX9ai1BrDVfc1Ld5zOIeRlFDqpvgmJV4HwGQSSaOynKQ1Hd5rXEvIxrFGU1ryUIIjGvh6J7zInEvKO1FF2bQcw7WutPA1NTNKsCEgMRvv/hb+T7Crz/4W+CytzxOsRQvKnAtDoVAAAYiLGxseHh4f7+fovF0tLSUltbW1xc/ExSyrCLquv31PVP3uybvNk7eat38qbVdaPTXts2fLVp4HJ976XbMy1iF250XqjrJIiZRwmu3O6+Wm+5Vm+pbbBeb+y50dxT19J7s7XvVlvf7bb++vb+U2/OI94sa+y8+Ycnicf/dKu5c7C589YfnyQe/9Otlu76f0sgnviisaPP3jno7K78eB7xSckYVfLhPOLDa712qvdsxjzik8LhyW5bzeF5gd7x/iVr4+mniGe+bPb2j3v7HeSAkxxwUgNOqiydINKvDTipm98nEk+bbzopzmuy/0IGQWSUjHt7z31CEBnFdqpnnO4Zp3vOHyWIoyXjdO843WOnrWOUZdTbPTzZZXNfPvkMQXxUMOQq4A+v8EnxePcXTxNPfW/pdZJ9TvLG94lE+rV+pzXzaeKdC1Q/596d4e1z3mvfrSXW5F4bp3rG6R4H3euiBybpenMiQRw9y3gATY+zKpBxbYSpFTBbme4CA1cziHkZxU6q+5xQBa59SMz76BrbQHDtE2JexjXKal5LJJqtNE3RtNWcSKzLs9I0RddmEOvymBoCf/r//vvvvV6vUAXCeaAgjgcepqemvv3uu/hXAeYPgwoAEDeIqsCzW0xjHrrZ7m2xe1vGvC1j3tYxb8uIt9nmbRr0NvR76nsnb1sn2PTPfdHQ42zscTb1upr7XC19rtZ+V2v/RNvARPvARMfgRMegu+C9ecS7NV1DnSdWE0+e7Oi2ubttzOtO63Dn52uIhG8svWN03zjdf/HoPCKjbIIu/2gekV47MEEP1BydR2SUOuk+R+0784gj5+k+50z0O+mB9rxVROJXHfTQZEBUfEwQH9cOTdK3TycSa/NuT9IBry8fJYij5W56oOYoQRwtc9MDTFzm/DpBD0zQfS66z0n3OuheR8/nTxMJWT3FvyKI9No+J93vovsn6IEJesDdk7mWWHW6Z3CSHpikBzvzVhFHy5mfk/Qgs69JenCSHvSXfPNUIvFMXp2bHpikBybpIS9to+jRnrw1BPGrWnqcpsdpetzfV2CN2cpXgSsZxLyMohBUgGIaC2a1gGLaCJjagampqenpvPz88fFxqIDKcLpc5rw8qAAAwGCIqsD6FJODoromvUx0M+H2dru8XS5vp8PbOe7tGPcSnGGdGA/oGvd2j5MWB2VxUJZxyuqgrA6qx0H1OqleJ9XnpPqc196ZR7xzgep3UmUfzSOeNt90UTezEwmCeCrbOjhh/eoZgiAyKiZpm6fn60SC+KR2mKSrMuYxL2xXj84jMiq99JCHrvhkHkFkVHppGxMkPWzJW0MkfmOhR0h6hJqNqgyCyKgdoegGcyKRmNdA0QGvrx0liKNVFD1M1r5PEERG7TBFD1M9Xyeyr+lhiraRPScTE09200MeeqgrbxVBvHeZ0QjivSu0jWSj5+tEYrW5x79hz9eJBEEQq809Noq2UbXvEQSRUWujaDbqzYlEYl49Rdto2kbTIzQ9StNjNH3+KEEQiVk99DhN2+mebxMJgjhaRVEjlPXkWoKYl1FJUUOUNXMtMe/ja9ZZFSB7J8i602uJxNwmkjz/CUHMy7hMkh6S7M5dS8zLuEpRFo4KMK8t/l6ENKelYGpq6vqNG7XXrwvHJIYKiEZDY+ONujqoAADAYIiqwEaTyUVRfV5vn9fbzwl2SZ9XxANmVibJQYoa5AyOy/R1H6asTFIkMq6NUNQIRY1YzTMd+NZmfJBIrDZbR5lO8on+h+kTzU00PUbTZ4/OIzJqx2h6jO75dt1MZh2laz/gtBF8UEuP9eQ9TSR+1zNTqc5Ec95MaWvyepryEonEPKbM2de1R5mq+DGaHuvJW8OW6F+TjVHOu2vyekZpepSmq49yqvuP1o7SPd8mzr47StONeYkEkfhtz8yvo7UBG1QzK/i7BYyxLQI07aDp1jzuuAJ5jTNjD1tPriVWJfp7Ayaar7spq5Pqslv/tIYgCOKpUxZGBRpJ0k5aAroNWkiSJC25M+mfnNWCa2zThb+RgKZpenx8/JtvvqmpqRkeGZmanp4S6zSge+aOBRUYGR29UVf3XVaWw+mcKyrA2gBUAACjI6oCSSaTm6KGvF6bIIa83iG/B7A/bV7vsD9GSHKEJEc4Y+WO+cPODX9XuMCwfpdIrDFbxylqnKIcNM2LcYkQrql5SO1aPuzqQvTPcXJ2zaw2StMjFGWjrF+tJVabrYxy9XupXjdlcVKddqrTTlkcVI+b7PeQQyQ5SpJ2knSRpJskPSTpJQVQlH+IAXr2FQev1+vxeOrr6wuLik5+/fXJrwV88w3i62++KSoubmhs9JIkRdNzSAUYG4AKAGB0RFVgs8nkpqiZ1B4YzEK2SoAgCPatUX+MkSQv/Y9zwiEX1u8TiTVmq4OinBTlomk2nCpjair8cImF1MqOqSlNJIO7hPlbXH4bYFRgzK8CwxwVGKCoPi/V46a6/QMPdzuoHjfZ5yGHSHJEUQVmZSAAflbgtA7w0ft2PKbCS5Iiy6ECAIAYR0oFJilq1OOZCU6aZ4LbVXDM62XDzgZJSqV/p1xYv08knjZbZ5eolwAmfUok8nBCQR2CPMJgg6cCwzRto3u+Wkus4qiA1U11s9MROSirO2BmQpd/tEEvZ5QhIaSEDbDjEtI0ZyZDLToNzJWACgAAYhxRFdjiV4ExJjjJng3GBtjcL1QBng0I6wNknWAmXIF1A8oRARWQjKAOLFQVYOoMZqoEaNpG00M0zUhAP0X1U1SPl+qeoDodVNso1TZKdY5T3RNUj4fqJ8lhkhzz1wpMkqRXomJAvH6AeaaAZwdiKgAbmNMqMA0VAMD4hKwCbO4XLuHagKIQyEcoFQNhOEEQ7QhB3tmH03xg93vAMOMBNM16QC9FWb1U1wTVNk61jFAtI1T7ONU1QVk9VB9F2UhylCSdJDlBkpP+NgJecFVAWFtABqoA1wZQNwAVgAoAECeoUgFZG5BSBL4QCJxATTjEOg8qRshV8bHT35Db8XDM7wE2mh6k6X6a7mOConopqttDdbio1nGqcZhqGqZa7VSHk+qepHopiuku4CDJCX/FgKgNeFkVkK8tYCcskLABCAFUAABgSORVgInQbGAsUAV4EbQQRLIuIYjUHsxhhKA+whijqFHOVIQDFMUYQA9F9VCUlaK6PFSbk2oeo+ptVL2Nah6j2pxU5yRlpahBimJUwCVbMcAVAi8Dt8KA270gsNOAhuMOxXNABQAAMY4aFRgNVQXGmKcJJGwgqAiqUmE2H2t41x5kChd7VDKUGKWoEf/YDIP+RgFGAqwkaSHJTg/Z5iQbR8lbNvKWjWwcJVsdZPskaSHJAZIcJkmH1+v0eie83kmv1+Pl4wkM8doCwXyG19ZDfQAAIABJREFU3FoBrhPon3djMKACAIAYJ+Iq4LcBXoRoA8G2MoRdPx+CB2glATwVYKsEGA+wUJSForpJsmOSbHGQDaPkzSHy5hDZMEo2j5NtbrKbJJmeg+Ner8PrdXm9br8NyMSMBHDqBrzcigHuvMZoJoAKQAUAiA/Uq8AkRYUeNK1JeIKNqalwI8g9avWXsuGmaTdNT9D0RODjhWyMUfSoh7a56SEXPeSibW56xEOPkvQ4TTtpeoKmPf4nCcXHEJCHm/vpgPRPT3HgqcBcBioAADAcKlXATVHfZmcfSEuLXLwuFhHdoyHi9bS0/Wlp+9LS9qWlvZaW9mpa2l5/vJKW9kpa2p7UtN1vpL14IG3nvrSd+9JefD1t98G0lw+l7U1Ley0tbX9a2sG0tDfS0g6lpaWmpaWmgciSk5MDFQAAGAyVKjBJUQdwvQOgRFpamjBXQgUAADENVAAADYEKAACMB1QAAA2BCgAAjAdUAAANgQoAAIwHVAAADYEKAACMB1QAAA2BCgAQi8xMoBeBojQsWUegAgBoCFQAgFgkcgkbKgAA4AEVACAWgQrIAxUAQEOgAgDEIoq1+twlhADRNWVWk99W9C19gQoAoCFQgRjiyJEjwiVhLlS/I8W3RMthUbMcqCc0FVCzrZqieG/FlAQwGEgFTswBfD6fvh+yDHp/NidOxPbnwwAViCGMqAJBvQbqCSd/y78bZskxgrFUYFdcY7VaYznV6f75x/jnwwAViC1Ek2iYC0X3wluTW4LUW/JHK3UY8kcCpIAKyGM4FfDFLzGe6nT//GP882GACsQcTOIUzaYhLxTuAioQ40RZBYRIlRwjQAVihxhPdbp//jH++TBABWIR0dwZ5kLhCsKf8m8p7ggqEA7a3ruHUysgc1Sxg14qwPtUeeYkiu6pKNJELtWp/5Bl0P3zhwpoDlQg9IXCFaACMUXsqABqBWTgfjKiy4UIUxFBELxfGXi/chdKrazyLeFONSSiKqDyQ5ZZQV4FFD920a8gRj4fDYEKxCLRUYFgXyjuCCoQDiFkaPlfwylZZuUYwaAqIJ9pFLOOzMryb8koQvgYVwVkpEr0cwvtk4QKaA5UIPSFoitoqAJ4giB8ePcliisIVUB0W/VL1KwZIxhUBbiZRioDyawWmgrI7zR8oq8Coue/XeJ0DVYFgvoW9P18NAQqEItETQWES4J9mJBFzXIQIWI2YUeOWFABeW9jgQqE82mLii/v65DyM6nPn/uBQAUYoAIAGB6ogO61AjKoVAHFDOSbkyogv1BzFVCT+KECUAEAYhGoAFcFRgyoAirzDVTArpEKsJ8GVIABKgCA4YEKMCqw2WRyU9Swx8OGm6Jej3kVUJ9soAJ27VSAS1CfG1QAKgAAiAlEVSDJZJqgqEGPh40JitoX2yoQVNqGCrDL5XsPyH/+Uh8LVAAqAAAwEqIqsNFkclKU1eNhw0FRe/W+3hVVQPH2VHT9oN4KIYGpJ8ZTHVRADVAB/YnW5FgnTggmyNK2QK1KC+oyU2TXrl3R/kZB5BFVgee3muweqm3Uw8bYJLX7QMypQJwR46lO988/xj8fBqiA/pyI1sRZwjMyzF3zCtSqNObi0QTmkKL9jYLII6oCz6zfNuzw1HXZ2Rga95j2HNT3UHVPRZEmxlOd7p9/jH8+DFAB/YnamSqlAloVqFVpzGsNP1tNigIxhagKJDz9fN+Q/dy1lnPXmpnoHRhN3v6ivoeqeyqKNDGe6nT//GP882GACugPVIBXmg8qAJQQVYHlK1Z2d/cWFFQUFJQXFFScKajo7LA8//xGfQ/1xIkTWtVyxSy+GE51sfD5x/LnwwAV0B+oAK80X6gqINV5OISieMUCfRF+KWNjY8LVHl60uL25JevzL7P+/EXWn7/4/s9ftNY3PJOQEOYJECYhXxHGQt8PWQa9P5gZ9P4YFIAK6A8vg3L/tckvZJeLriZcWVEFgtq1sEA1pQmPWViaDyoAAhF+KaIqsOhnP22pu5H5Lx9/9S8fMdFUe2XVsofCPAEAiHugAmo5QhDc0PA74GZQ5j8a77XMQu5bPIRvyauA+l2rUYEQjjnGVeDIEoQOoagC+YuJUw8Qmb8kjv2cuP/H9zZdrfn8yOtfHtn/xZF9XxzZ13Cx+qkH7gvzBAAg7oEKqIVrAGpsQL0xSNWrq8nHUmlVdLnuKiB/zIoqwGqE1BKoQPxFcCpw739vulT9xRumzDdSmGg8V7rqFwvDPAEAiHugAmrhpXbFTA8V0FYFCNkBxYjA8Ud5h6TmW5ABKmAUFXjg7v/WcqH85L5NX+/b+PW+jd/s29hcXbjm5z8K8wQAIO6BCqhFXgWYX7kLpX4V+oGoCkilUjVpVTHXiu5afo8ssaAC3IUsoutABYweQanA4h/e0Xa+9Lu9z2Xtfe77V5/7/tXnWqvy1/7snjBPAADiHqiAWuRVQLhc6AFSGwpVQCZ3Rl8FZIrVVwUIQT0BVCD+IigVeOiH89vPl5zauy5nb2LOq+tyX01sr8pf9/O7wzwBAIh7oAJqkVcB5lc27GLpn7cCi2jHe6kcrJhWpRJtPKmAMPFDBeI1glKBh3/41x0XSnJfW5f32rq8fevy96/rqM5/7j7UCgCgAFRALTIqIPpaagUhUhk0FlRA3g9ip9ug/iqw1CChd2qPqAosuXt+54WSgv3PFex/9syB5woPvtB1ruCFXywI8wQAIO6BCqhFJrUHpQJCLRBmUC7C5fKJP2QVkNqL1K7lVSCoY1apAiEAFZhTKrD07vldF0sLXn++6MDzxYdeKEnb2H2haMM/o9sgAApABdTCpHA21LwrfC26LUYb5JXmgwpABcJQgTMHXig+9EJJ2qayt5MtNcUbF/1dmCcAAHEPVEB/oAK80nwGVoGEhq7M6iT/r0m7bV3pWQHJeGF1TaWvKzBqdh9XSuHHj2VyNhEpsyFVsFXSbptwfb1Te2RV4J47umrKCt/YUJy2sezw5vJ3t1kvl2566O/DPAEAiHugAvoDFeCV5jOuCqSmN2Sn244tlFYBGUuQi6xssWTPsQTBu7NScvxY5qxt6J3aI68C5YVpm0oPJ5e/u73yVzt6rpUnLftfYZ4AAMQ9UAH9iebEWUIV0LBArUrz+XwntCOKKrCwuiazOimhgc276lVAwQyYkiXKqUlvENYKJO22zVY2JDSwheud2iOrAgvu6LpUXvhmUtnbWyo+NFVnvNh7vXLz8p+FeQIAEPdABfQn5Nvo0NB815qXtktrwvyC1KqAP/vO3sFrViuQ0MBpUOBkfUYRRBsI5mKtwLIFd3ZdKi86vLns3W2V6TvP/vrl3htVWx77xzBPAADiHqgAAAqoVIHjxzJnmgZS033ZCVqqQNJu22wXhNkaAv8eJfoKsALB7Yugd2qPtAp0X6ooOryl7L3tVZ/sPPcvr/TWVW95HCoAgAJQAQAUUKcCvP6A6VnhqUBWtr8oxiqE/QZmmwDEVIBrD6npvrnRQLBswZ3dlyuKDm+dUYHf7IEKAKAGqAAACqhSgYC2eU621qjboFAFAp8pqPR1Vc52V2TSf0BfAb8W6J3ao6ACxW9vKXt3W+VHO6v/5eXe61WbV/w80meImj4rvsC2OQBiCqgAAAqoUYHjxzID7suZNgKtVCAgry+srlHxMOGcrRW4VF781uayd7dWfGiq+nhXb21F8iM/jfQZwvROlUHYY5d7arFE+jgBkAIqAIACalRAkJ4TGroyq1PZJ/sFtf3BPUHArQMQPkrAUQFuOanpIpvondojqgJLF9zRfam86M1kZlCByg9TrFfKkpb8Q6TPEMXHaGVUQObXKKBmj3CUuQBUAAAFVD9MaITQO7VHVgXuuaPrUnlh6saStE2lb28uf3er5VLJxgd/HOkzREYFCIKACoDYByoAgAJQASOpQE3ZmUMbi1M3lry5qfRwkuVi0YYH/jbSZ4iUCjBHGIIKcJcTnKm2pD4NXhODmpWlXgvf4r4QHhVaN+IDqAAACkAFDKMCd8/vqik7c3B98aH1xakbStI2dp8v3PDLiE9HxKoAITaPl7wKiGZTqaQrfDfklYXZXViI6CZSm8MGDA1UAAAFVKkAIlZUoPTMwReK3nih+ND64tT13ecL1//y3kifIVwVIDize7NmoFWtgPxWalaWeZcnJVCBOQVUAAAFDF8roHc6j64KlJ05uL7ojfVFqRuK0zZ0ny9cH91aAS4hdxuMqAqI7kimEKjAXAAqAIACUAHjqcCh9SVpG0veSuq+ULThn/8m0mcIt6+A0APCUQHhPbrMVvZgvEEq38u8FdRRAWMBFQBAAaiAsVSg8I0NxakbSt9KKjuyxVJTsnHR30X6DOF1G+R5QGhPEPDSrXzSZf1DtBzRlYUrcOszpAoRHpXMroGBgAoAoEAwKsAZ128p98l+sQEBuTG7Jm+wAdEpiKQGGJAoR+90Hj0VuOeOrpryotRNJW8llx3ZWvH+duuV0k0P/X2kz5CQxxUwOkj8cQNUAAAFglCB1PSG7HTxfB8wpZDwrZnMffxYpn8YIo5VcLadnfYwYAhCmXL0T+dRVQH/JMXl76VUpe/suVaetPQnkT5D1EzPDRUAsQxUAAAFVKsAM2dgQgMvQ/tv5WcUQX5gQfZddnrDpVwDSGhQOVwxdy96p/PoqQAz2uDhzWXvbq/80FSd8VLv9crkR38W6TNEpj6AS6QPA4CQgQrEIkeOHBH9VWq5YgkyhciXw7zLoLgwXlGrAv4ZiWZv3P1x/Fgm/w5eIgLu5mfDX0OQtNtWs7s6W7qBQLQcvdN51FSAmY6o5O1t5e+lVH286+yv9/TeiMZ0RAAYHahALBI7KsB9S7SEuWADKlXg+LHMmfv+wBv6gNmAFO7jJacY4NQocKYbENULYTl6p/PoqkBlyTvbyj8wVX780tnfvNJbV73lsfuif84AYCygArGIJirAS9jcQqTeUjwSxf3GJepUgO3Nx+u1l9DQJZg2UC4COx4uTWjgdjYMSP+8NaXL0TudR10Ftld8kFL18Ytnf7sXKgCAGqACsQhUIKZQpQKB9+hsG0FWdqVYhb9czLYvcOsA2ASvVgU45eidzqOtAke2VbyfUvnRrupf7+m9UY0GAgAUgQrEIkcEyC8XLUH0p/xb8gejuDBeUaMCx49lBuRspo1A2MlfNAJW43QLEKtOCBAFXuGi5cw9FSh+e2v5e9srfrWj+pOXemorkh/5adRPGaDACV1BF04hUIFYRKu+ApqogPzu5oINqFGB6hpeb4CEhsARBWYiO0H0CYLjxzL968zkb84S3tACbMn+QnjPEHYJOhXqnc6jpgLMEwTFb20uO7K1/P3tFb/a0XO1PGnJP0T/nAHyMCMx6EK8PtgZJlCBWETDboNBvQjqqILa1tAEM8RQTIbe6Tx6KnDPHV2XyovSkksPby47srX83e2Wy6UbF/84+ucMkEdxUKbIARUQBSoQi8SOCvB6FcgsjGOgAkZSgZrywkObStI2lb6ZXPb2ZsvF4g33R3wOAhAsUIFYAyoQi2ioAoqFyJdjR18BqICBVICZg+DQpuJDG0rSNpWkbYrOJMUgWAyhAqInXrwCFQBAAVUqgIgZFThzcEPxwfUlhzYUH9rQfe7M+l8siPQZgq5qwSKjAkTgZE6En+irgHriQBqgAgAoYPhaASPXDQStAhfLzhxYX3TwhaKDLxS/8UL3uYIX/vGeSJ8hip3gZGYm5KJydyrXjOX8JKoCwqwv9RoqoDlQAQAUgAoYSwUKD24oOrC+6OD64jfWd587EzUVCCH98P40bXO81GqxkLdU1gpERwW4KsY939glost563Df5Z20QXmeXkAFAFAAKmAkFagpKzy4oeiNDcWHNpSkbug+X7j+nyLeVwAqECyxpgKiL+TlQHSJyrdiEKgAAAqoUgHhaAH8JQqDA8puWOnrqpQdrWhhdc3seESBYxIYe37C4FTgnjuYboNFqRtL0jaVvpXUfaFowz//KNJniLYqIEwndomEJPrJEBx4S0SLUixHeKiKJSvmP2OpAG9N+Xwv+vmLfggxBVRAZyIxilYsl8m9CLfrR1DfkTYqkJrekJ0+O5uAVKSmB05hMJvjJSYtnM39rAoIp0acQypwqbwwLankzaSSt5PL3tliqSneuOjvwrtGlTkRhgrIZw7RzCqTZkQTtlRpUhvKH4OaJXNZBUT/3ti3AaiAzpzQbtQt9hSP2TJ5F+H27ds1ubaDYteuXXqowMLqmszqJM4MAmJjDmZlV/q6MqtTuW8lNAhHFeRtm7TbVpPeMFsrwOxrTqrAgju6L5UXvbW55O3NZe9tq3g/xXq5dNNDfx/eNapMOCogv1D+plxYgvy9u2gm44mIcLloghRdZ66pgMwfLrqy6EcRI0AFlBH+e+IuD/MLUPwnEsIpHrNliqqANYowf4UOKuCfL0D8fl2mgUB5KkIm8XMbCALGPJ7dnd5JPQoqsGzBnV2XyosPby59Z0vZ+9sq0ndYr5YnLf1f4V2jykRBBeyy+UZmfZXJSaYcNZtLHWFcqoBdVgKEaiXUqRgEKqAWTRK/kJhN25EoU0oFNP9U5T/tiKmAcNKB2akBZpoGmGmK1KuA1AxDnKYB27GFAX0FknbbZlfj1BDondSjoQL3/qDzYnH+wecKU58veXtT2ftbLFdKNj/6M41OH0kipAJS+SbKKqD+tVT+E6JSBXwGGVcgDoAKqAUqABVQUgGpWoGF1TUifqBBrcDsuwHdBnmNDoaeqjhYFeg4X2Te/8yZN9YVv/VC6btJlivFW1bcp9HpI4m2KmCXkAA1KdzOuSsV3qfK3MLKlCNzwFLFyvxpDBr+jwoWqIAoUAG1CFWAXSL6L4y3mpRJ8C4J7pUpv1DmFI9CmdxC5JfIXITyKiD/r0QR0c31UYHA2YSV2wiSlPoKcKoEePUQwm6Jc08FCs37nznzRmLR4RdK30uyXCne8ljsqkAcAxUwFlABtSiqgPwL0RLsgZcEN4+yr0UXyp/ikS6TuyGvHKiAMKMfP5YZkPsV2wj4/Q1nErzMEwQBtQIBbQoLZ2dP1jupR08F9j195mBi0ZvPl76zyXK5KDq1Aor9VOZO+pH6yrhABWINqIBawlEBbvCKVUzbXLRSgTDL5G4YzVoBdo+8JaK/xowKcJIxt54/VeQJAjEVIETGFRB5+kBqXAFOg4LeST06KtB+rjDn1dUFrz9TmPps8eEXumsKo9BXQOqE5xHpwzAQUIFYAyqglnBUQKZYg6qAVB1A5FSAl/Ltge2dwjWjrQLyzf+xEHon9WiowII728+eyXllVf6+1QWvP12Uuq7rQkHysog/QQCCBSoQa0AF1BK+Cohqgcq0LZp3pU7xSJfpizEV4C5nMwdUYA6qwNIFd7RXF5za/aT5lYS811YV7F/TedYchXEFQLCoaVKJHFABIVABtYSmAvZgug1G4g4+omXGiArI/yr8tKECBorgVOCeO9qqC07teiL3pSfMe57I25vQUZUThdEGQbBI/YuIGnp/ADEHVEBnjKsCohUD2qoA9y7frrqvgD4qgIgRFajKz96x4vTO5TkvPmbe/Xh7xakN9/9tUF83AHMQqIDOGPcJAtFtNVSByH3ac7RWwJh1BkGrQGVedsryUzsezdm5InfXivbyU1GYjggAowMV0BmMKwAViInQO+VrqALfmx45nfLo6Z2P5uxaDhUAQA1QAZ2J2ZEBI1EmVCB2Q++Ur5kKVOVlm5bn7Hj09K4VuS891lFxasMDaCAAQAGogM7EbNqORJmiKhDibMehEsU5CCRHCQw1BAMMLOXuV2YXgcMSz8yDHLiJ3ilfSxXYuSJn14rc3Y/n7VnZUZWz6cEfh3eNAhD/QAV0JmbTdiTKFKpAyPMdh0N0hhg6fiwzIGeHG7PpnDPsYEJDF2ehxO6YEYc4kxXNTpI0O3yh3ilfGxVYcEdbdX72i4/n7n48b29C/v7VnefMSUv+IbxrFID4ByqgMyc0fb6WTdsxWyZPBfQiqO8oNBUImIOAO9OgyE08O62wTEWC2GQEopMV8bZN2m2rSW8QnayIu6beKV8TFVi24M726oKc3Svz9j5ZsH9NYerarosFyY/+NKxLFIA5AFRAZ8K9bRcQ+2Xq/ZEHTbi1ArNvzaZz7h15VraKWQaksr7sFMb+SYrF5y2Mv1qBZff+oO1sQe6eJ/NeW1V4aG3R4ee7LxVGYToiAIwOVAAABULsKyAyZYBotuYu5Nz68yJgkiF2k8AGAkHhx49l2o4tFJnCeOZoDTBDQbAq0H7uTM4rT+XvX1OYtq7k3fWWK0VbnvhF9M8ZAIwFVAAABYKuFUhND8iy3LdmjYGb/rkOIXQF6VoBToG2YwnVNYHbzm4iXisQUI7eKV8bFfjRD9rPncnd+1TB62uK3ny29P0NlqvFW1f+U/TPGQCMBVQAAAVCaCA4fixT4QmC2bt86ZoAxb4CUivMHkNARQXTDMGNrGy/Iuid8rVTgYLcvU8VvP500ZvPlry/ESoAgBqgAgAoEFJfgYXVNZUzLfHsW9xKfs5rtq9AYCuAsNVf2KVg9rZerp8Bt1ZAvKFB/5SvjQrc+4P2cwU5e5/K37+6MHVt8TsvWC6jgQAAZaACACgQxhMElbZjC7lvZWULRh0IaCPgVvuL3vcLxhVgH0kQ6ZogpgIBtQXx2FeA6Tb4asKZg08XvbWuu+YMug0CoAhUAAAFVKmAcg1/bIfeKV8bFVhwZ3t1wemXHjfveSL/tafOvPF01/m85Ed+GvVTBgCDARUAQAGogFFUYOmCO9ur8k7vXJ770mPmPU/k713ZWZ2LIYYAUAQqAIACUAHDqAAzM6Hp0Zwdj+TufDT3peXtFac2LsbAwwAoABUAQAFVKoCIFRUwZ29benr7ktMpS3J2LGkrzdpw/99E/5wBwFhABQBQIK5qBfRO7ZFVgbvnt1Xkntq65NSWh05vfej01odaS75d/8t7o3/OAGAsoAIAKAAVMJYKfL/5oVNbFp/evPjU5kWtRd+s/8WC6J8zABgLqAAACkAFjKUC2VseOp28+NTmRac2L9ZWBdTMgm3EWTYAgAoAoIBqFeAOISw7gKD4sAHcd2fK4YwWLDaogD8CBxZMzxIbajDGRxXUUAVObXno9JYHT2958PTWB9uKv13/T1qqgPz817y5N7mnkPq9qFlZZYGa71e4CZfQdhTCfoHmQAUAUECdCszODHSEOy1h0CrAm1+AeT07RpDoqIKz4weLBneEQb1Te6RVoL3SfHrrkpytD+Vsfzg35eH20qwN//wjrc4ERgVkZt00tAqEsEk4SR0GEFNABQBQQJUK8LM7b75BblUB51ehE6SmczO9P8eLTUAwu+1C/kREUm4R9ypwzx3tlebTKUvNKcvMOx/J2/VIR3n2xgf+TqszASogvzJUwLhABQBQQF2twMLqGvHae3aKgdkbevkGAmEWl5qWkNd2wG9TEKtF0Du1R1oFOirzckyP5O18NO+l5fl7Hu+oOr3pwYVanQnhqwDzgvdH8SrY2XVENxeuLFM5zytTeAyi+5UqXLgjqV+FRyWzI5ndie4URAKoAAAKqFMB/z29yBzE3Ne8G3qZmJ1/SHIOodl6AnYJr4ZAsLLeqT2yKrDgjo6qvNydy/NeWn5mzxOF+xK6zuUmLfmJVmeCJiqgmPLll8svkdmvytJUbsL9c0RTuOiGMjuSkhWZvw5oCFQAAAWCUAGR9Bxwy+5j7/IVVCChgTunsEKtgHS/AeFUh3qn9girwJ0d1fnmXSsK9jxeuC+h+NDT3Re0nINAq1oB7mvR/Kq4JjdZCm/Bg92vVIbmFS51qDILg/UD+SUgckAFAFBAlQoEtvGLN/MHiILCEwSB9fxifQVUqMDs9MdzQwWWLbizozo/b/fjZ15ZWfT66tK0tZaags3Lf6bVmRCDKiB6nMLdhaYCUsXKLBEtWfRgoAIxBVQAAAXU1QoEPEHAvXefzcfsPbpMOhfxgIDGApEnCAJu/RdW17Ali3Un1Du1R0EFzC89cWbvyuLXV5e9mWipKdi84udanQmRVgGZu3OV20rtTn1pIViLzEKZrA8ViCmgAgAooE4FeG0BvAZ73sKF1TXiTxBIjgcgHFeAsy1nK9mOAnNFBR4v3Luy+MCa0rfWWS4VbF5xn1ZnQiRUgD3B1KRtgoPottzCeQt5pYkWpfLAhH+C6N55f6zUjtTsDioQaaACACigWgWMEHqn9miowIuPFb6ysujA6tKYqRWIQZBcAReoAAAKQAWMogJLF9zZUZ2X99KKM3seL9q/qiT1GcvFfG37CliVgAoAIwIVAEABqIBxVOCOjuo8867lBS8/VvjakyUH11gu5Gv4BIFMfQAXrXYHQNRIS0ubmp6e4qZLqAAAXFSpACIWVOCeOzqq8sw7Hi14cXnh3ieK9iV0n8tNWvIP0T9nADAWUAEAFIAKGEkFKs3mlGX5Ox8peGl54Z7Hu6q1HG0QgHgFKgCAAlABw6jA3fPbK3Jztj2cZ1qSv2PZmZeWd1Zkb3zgb6N/zgBgLFgVmLUBqECkUdniOEfYtWuXvl+HIlABY6nA6a0Pmbc+lJeyJN+0pKMsa8MvNZuZEIB4hasCMzYAFYg0Pp9PsR/yHIF5Okvfr0MRqIChVCDndPJi8+bFeVsX5217sKPku/W/WBD9cwYAYwEV0AFGBfQ9hhgBKoDQWAXKc04lL85NfsC8+YG8zYvai7994R/vif45A4Cx4KnA1PQ0VCDiQAVYoAIITVXgr9vLc04lLcpNvj83+X5z0gPtRd+8cN/d0T9nADAWaWlpU1NTPBuACkQWqABL/KiA7gMGxN2IAiGowBK/CuQk3Z+76X7zpvvbC795/uc/jP45A4CxYFSAnpqiOUIAFYgsUAEWqABUQGsVOH0q6YGcTffnbro/d9P97UVfQwUAUAQqoANQARaoAFRAcxU4vWlR7qb7c5NU00qxAAAgAElEQVQeyE26v70ItQIAKAMV0AGVKkAoTcwlulCqKC4qN5HZXP2u5YkfFUjabQucUdDHn4ZYbJ5A0eBNV5iaLlEguzJvDkOJcvRO6lFQAaavwOmkRblJD+QmL8pNRl8BAFSRlpZGQwWijFYqoB7e5mpKE66jVfrnEl8qIJhumJ1QeClxJDW9ITvddmyhggfMJH5/UbyZiLMTAtfn6EXSbhtXNXjlzBUVmN9ennM6eXFu8qLczYvMWxd34AkCAFTAqABF07NCMDUFFYgs4aiA8NZceK8vukS0ZNENRTcRPR5CgGhRMsSxCgQuWVhdk1mdlNDAyoFw/aVEVnalryuzOlXkrYBN2Bep6Vw5yMqeqRgQL0fvpB49Fdj8YO6WxeZtD+alPNxR+t36f7o3+ucMAMaCVQHWBqACESdkFRDN6LzkLZrLRRO2VNYX3Zf88ag5BlHiWAUCagWSdttqdh/nZOsgGgi4BfJrBWQbIOZiA8Ed7RW5p7c9bE55OH/H0oJdj3SWf7/h/r+J/jkDgLFIS0ujaRoqEFXCrxXgLlSpAsKSReWA/TVMFRDWE4gSXyoQ2FeA0zpw/FjmTNNA4H28WhWYKVymq8HC6ppKfuvDHFSBe+5or8zNSVmav3PZmZceLdrzeFfV6Y2Lfxz9cwYAY8GoAMlmeKhAFAi/rwA3E4ejAqK707BWQJH4UgF/3k1ND0zbC6trZLoTqq0VkO54mNDQJfCAuakCC+7oqDLn7ny04KXlRa8+UfL6U5ZzZg0nKT6hAp/Pp9XuAIgaXBVgkjxUIOKof5hQ5q7dLpuPef9AZbI+bzVNagWEJUsRnyrAVOZzu/5xagiU2wgkVUBs26TdNuGzA3NVBZYtuLOjOs/80orCvU+UvL6qPPUZa01+8iM/1epMYE5XGaxWq6gKqJdjlSurXEf0P4ZoOTIFqvd7IhD1hwp0h1WBWRuACkSa6IwrYIgrMF5VYKYmIDuB0YKAVK3YRsCrYJjVCNHeANJiMQdV4N4fdFTn5b/8eNFrCWWHnqk88lzPlcItj92n1ZnAnK4y02zGjgqI2n8UVCC0DYHucFVgppkAKhBpIqoCwiqBWCZ+VWAmT9uOJVTXiA0wIPWYgCCFHz+W6W9Z4D43mJ4V8JbY0AJzUwXO5ufvWVn8+uryN9dVvb++92rxlid+odWZIKMCBEHEsgqwC4W1gIoFQgXmAjwVICkKKhBxMNogS/yogHzzfyyE3kk9Girwox90nM0v2PtkyYE1FYefrfrVxt5rJVtX/pNWZ4KUCjBHokYF2OwoTMnCdUQ3F64s+hFppQKiK6jcKfcPkf+T1awAIkpaWhrFUwGahgpEFqgAC1QAKmBEFWASP9cD1KuAYsqXXy6/ROpXqfJDUAH5nUrJitReRA9DZhcgQjAq4CVJqED0gAqwQAWgAlqqwL0/6KjOz3/lSaaBoDJiDQRs7ud6gPpaAe5rxewov0SYeoU7Ei1HjQqIpuTQ/ENYiNAYuKtJ/V0RRaYXiKFR8z8WKqADPqiAn/hRAUSsqEBe/stPFO3zdxu8XLhlhfbdBnm5iv2fG30VkDpU+aws80KqEA1VQKoE+YOJAsw3GGeo/B/LqgBrAzRUINJABVigAggtVWDBnR1VeXkvrih8xf8w4UXtHyZksr7QA8JXAan7dfVyIP9rUCogVWAkVIBXuMwuIkpc/mcOQQUYG6ChApHG5/OpGatkjgAVQGilAksX3NlRaTbveLTgpeVFrzxRsv8py7lcbYcY4nYb5HlAaCrAnmCi6VlUC3grS31EoivLHBhvfZk0L7VTlSog84co7iKizHUVoCiP18vaAA0ViDTyo5TMQfT9OhRRpQK6dwWI014FwanAzMDDy/J3PHLmxeWFe1Z0VZ3ScODhE6GOKwAMAVQAKgCAJFABI6lARe7prQ/nbX84f8fSgp3LtJ2O6MSJE4pNs1AB4zLXVYDTQAAVAIAPVMAwKuCfpNi8dXHe9ofyUx7uKM1a/0vNJilW2WFbq92BKAMV8JKk1+tl6gZoqAAAXFSpgGBmwtmB/4STFnLHD05NF53MUCkSGgI3URh5MPAwxN6K0XEJQ1CBU8mLczcvMm9dnLftwY6S79b/YkH0zxlgRDRXAWEPjOgTrAp4vF4maKgAAFxUqwB3IOGEBjbjSk8vFDBr0VIiK1ulDSysrpkp/PixTJEZDQJmLmCPhztusdBF4kYFTp9KXpS7eZF5C1QABEeEagWClQBtpSHYvgIer9eLWgEAhISkApwJCYOYdNif46Xtwb8hZ9pD/pq8rJ+etZQ/BxI7w2FWdqVPOCGC3uk/3FqBzYtztyw2b3tQ8wYCEN9ABTz+1gGoAAB8QlQBNiVL5XWRe3d1ETDrMd8nxOsJ5BUkfhoI7mivyDm99SHztofyTUs07zYI4puoqYCwyYD7q7atCSGoABoIABAhVBVYWF3DqkBgXwEmkSvOViwVcjMXC2saRBoXbMcW8t0iPlTgnjvaK3Jzti/J27G0YNcjhbuXd1We2rjo76J/zgAjEh0VIAQDLXAlQLh+mEAFoAJAGyJVKxBwc68QWdl+jchOkKsVUKhpSGjoEnhAPKnAgjs6Ks25O5YV7Hqk8OUVxa+t7D6bs+mhv4/+OQOMSNRUQNiXUOgHWgEVgAoAbQhRBdisHEJfAQUzkOwrkJUtluln15QoPF5UYNmCOzuqzOadj57ZvaLotZWlB1dZzpuTlv4k+ucMMCLRrxUQXR4jKkBBBQDgEpIKRPwJAiblB/YM8DdJBOUB8aYCeXkvMXMQPFWm9RwEIL5BAwFUAABJVKuA+nEFOO+Kjiug8AQBIRxXQLyawV+OwqgDcaMCzMyEux8renVl6cHV5W8mWmsKNj/6s+ifM8CIxEi3QdFNQgYqoL8KRH9qn3hF3xHcVKmA8q28cULv9B+uCrz8eNFrT5a+sabirXXWSwWbl/88+ucMMCJzfbRBqECEYL4DECa6j+sOFTCYCux5onhfQumhpysOr7NeOgMVACqBCkAFIoLK7wDIAxWACgi/FOVagUNrKg5rXCsQ+zVYIBygAlCBiAAV0ARjqAAidlQgYn0FFOv5pM7VoJp+1aysch1hm3SEEG0OD21DHYEKQAUiQsgqoOHlIdU/RWoXws6uUisHVXI4/5KgAnM5glOBBXd2VOflvfQY8wRBudZPEDBXtMychLGjAsILWf0BhLB3qEDMAhWIcxUIdh1C8JiKYtaXXzmokoM6bB5QgbkcQatAldm8a/mZ3Y8VR2BcAeOqgLaIJn7hXUFoRekIVAAqEBF0VwHh+opZWX1tgfqSoQKI6KjA7GiDLz4aidEGw1cB9mKRqU6TuaAIDqLbCjeRWsg7EpkypVbglSyjAsKDVP+HRBOoAFQgImirAqJXjuJWvHflU7hMIbyV5cuRKTOESx0qMJdDKj3IzEGQy85B8LLGcxBoogKKKV/NpRrURSe6UOqKltEF0f1KHXlQ/yvC/BehFT6fT9OHoGMFqEBcqQDvXfUXjKKhK+5a6sqXOp65pQK6d/iP60cJglKBJXfPbyvPOb3lwdytD5pTHs7bubSj7Pv1//wjrc6EExrVCnBfy6dVxSVcRPcotVBGBXhlBnvMoamA1B8STSLwKHSsoPi3QwUiiLYqIHN9qi9TMSvLZ33RhVCBuA29PSBYFXj47vmt5aezkhafSlp0evPinK0PtpV89/wvFmh1JsSgCkgdajgqoH4r4TryBYbwh4DoABWIIBqqQPgXT2gqILUXqABUIAZV4KEfzm8pO/31xsXfblr0XdKirKRFLUXfPnvfPVqdCZFWAam7avVyIP+rTJlhZm4NVQBaoAtpaWkUTUMFIoLuKhDCJafymoQK8FVAciqBSs50Qcxcw+lZS9XMMiARvA1nJzjgT4YkmKFArpzASQr8y/X2gGBVYPEP72gqy/1i44OZGxdnblr81aYHmwq/XfvzmFYB9gQTTaKiKZy3stRHJFxZWKbUgYkej9T6wl/lCwz2DwFRgFEBL0lCBbQnHBWQuVTUX4122YtQsRDhYai8vGWKUv8hsMS+CkhOMJi029aVactm83FCQ02mLRwVmBEOdsPZ+YeOH8v0J/7ZmY4D5y2UKYfIyhabt1BvDwhWBR64+781lOf9e9IjJ5KWnUha9uekR+qLvl/zc/37CgAQ40AFIkjIKgC46P7vVUkFBPMBssk4abetK70h2/9u0u6G7HQ5FZD1g6zsSl9XZnUqZ52k3bYajmfMLGdfiBcoUo7U7MZ6e0CwKnD/vf/9dmXh77et+uO2p5i4VZKz6hcLtToTTpw4YVUCKgCMCKsCXqiA5kAFNEH3f68KKpCaLlkPz2Ti1HT/PXr6bALWpoFArFaA7wdiOV6kHLH5i/X2gKBV4Mf33j5f+btXtvzuleTfv5L8+1eSb1YWPfXAfVqdCTL1AVy02h0AUWNWBUiSqRuACmgGVEATDKACopXwbLpN2m3LTjiydGF1TXpWkrYqQIh0CwhQE3UqkLTbNrsap4ZAbw9QowJcFv3spw1XL//xSOofjxz6tyOH/u3IoVsXz61a9lD0zxkAjAVPBbxQAQ2BCmhCrKtAwF24aLpdWJ29+/jShIbshCPaqgA3haemz3ZIDLpWgN+CMFMxoLcHBKsCDy9a3Fzf8MXx33/x6e++/PR3X376u8a6m88kJET/nAHAWEAFIoiMCoTWgU4lwu57XMJZmXfwQZXM21a+ZC6xrgJKfQWylhJZ2ZnVx9JtxxZqrALiFQAKfQXiRgWGh4f7+/stFktLS0ttbW1xcfHyFSs7u6w5OcU5OcW5OcW5OcXtbV3PP78x+ucMAMaCrwIkSUMFtEIXFSAC++3L7yuoldnVRNeRSflSrxULYYh5FZB/giA9a+aWPbM6iYhGrcDShdU1lbZjC4/IPEEgpxQLq2uM8TChUAUSnn6+d8hedaW16nJL1eWWqist1oHR5O0vRv+cAcBYQAUiyNxRAfklYVpC7KuAPxOLjisQmPgDXlT6uMFtPlCpAgH75dZMCDoQCEuWHFeAU47eHhCsCjyzftuwk6qzuG9Y3Dcs7jqLe2icNO05GP1zBgBjARWIIMGqgLCu3i5IvbwKeTU5WFiHL3yhZmW7tC5ABeIz9PaAYFXg+a2mcXK63eVjY8w7vftAlK53AIwLVCCCBKUCUlmZt0SmBO5b8rlcfqeKBylTiEzJim9BBWIu9PaAYFVgo8nkmp7u8/nYcE5P743W9Q6AcYEKRJDwVUBxiXzJirfvoa0cpgrYA/8cqZoGFqgAVED4pYiqQJLJNDk9PeLzMTHs87mnp/dBBQBQAioQQeJPBeSbD4ItOU5UABEzKrDZZPJMT4/7fEzYfT7P9PR+qAAASkAFIkiMqICGDQRSW4WwjsrGDjtUYG5HUCqwxWTyTk87fT6nz+fw+cahAiBUVI4saQjUDG8DFYgg8iogeoctdcMtXEfmZppXjmLJ6leWOTA1JasshAdUYC5HaCrg8NcKTKKBAISEz+dTnG/CEKgc6S4tLY2ObxWYikkVCB/59BlPWA2hArq368ds6KQCdp9v1OdzT0+/pt31fkIF+p6rQCsYFdD7KDQAKhCHKiCsSJgLQAWMHVFXAaZKYMznG/b5JjR9goC5omWQOleDumDVrKxynbn2v0JDoAJ0nKkA20Aw4wRGVoG5CVTA2KGHCth9vhGfz+bzuaanX9FaBWQaZWNHBdQ3wAFRoAJ0nKkAYwBT09O6qIB+LURxhQFUQOVAwoJBBpkRgkMfhzjYmB2dkLM7zlHNzlA8+5b0gfHfXVhdo/GQhSGrwLDPN+jzOaen96TOdRUAITA3VYCkKCbiUwXYiLIKhN/zE7BE5ysTRWsV4E0xHDg3QUSDsxfO9ASc6ZQCZitmvUHiwATvzs5jxJ3UIOoqwLYODDAqcCiGVIAQjB5ml+ioK3pbL2wilGoFEP3QhGWKHg+wR0wFRBt5I1qFAxUIUAFd+gqA+CB4FfBPASBMomK30ewchg3Zgltz0ft10Tt74U5V3tCnpnOnLGLTeVZ2pa8rszpVvBCxdzkzInIjiiqwmaMCNp+v3+dzTE+/HGMqoJjy5ZfLL+HtVDHlCI8HMERCBXifsPCTj8RXABUQV4EpqAAIkmBVICvbX+0fMOOfWHpm78KTdtu6hFvx7teZDWczLnfiQXancrMRckJiNcGEy+obCJJ222p2V2fr2UBgCBXgLZS6oVepAqJ3maHtHSrAJfoqEKHPHyog0kDABFQABEWQKsC9ORbNrAF9BWbu9flTDwuzL1usoEz+Qom7c/4xCAuZnd04RBXg/jl6NBCIqMBUnKuAmsOGCoRAlFUgch9+aCpAUhQNFQCAS3AqEJA7F1bXqLvJllaBrOxKfnPArE9w0z/XMIRpXhg8pUho6BJ4QPC1AseFheuhAqOcWoEY7CvAfa3YQMB+AkElctG31JQJGKACdHyrAPoKgGDRulZAvQokNIhWG7AR0JQQdK/D2V5+3Bv6kFVgaUIDVCB4FWBPMDUJW9gcINM6IPoWr0yogBRzvIEAKgAAnyBVIJi+AvIqwF+YWZ0UWCbntdxORdSBCHx4QcIDglOBQLeIkQaC2HiYEBiO6KuAcAVNgAr4VWBqamp6euYnGghA8ASrAsE8QSBfK0AcP5Y5U+dfk95Qw+3bL/MEgbCn4WzMFuhfjbNEbGgB+U4MIs9GCg5MVxXQfFyBGB8DA2iFLiogXCd8oAKzKkBPTdFTU6wNQAVAUKhSgSAr5+dQ6KcCA1qrgEx9ABetdgd0JBIqYFcxroDw1zCBCsyoAM1VgampqakpqAAICqiAEVWAHWJIw4GHwdwhQioQfaACHBWgaagACBmogEFVYFDrOQjA3EFzFSAk0HAXokAFZlWAomlu3QBUAASFKhVARCaCUgF24GFmOqIhn8+l6cyEYO6AWgE63lSApimaZm0AKgCCBSpgLBVgpiMa9U9S/CqudxA8UAE6/lSAZI8aKgCCBypgOBVg2ghGfD739PRruN5B8EAF6HhVAebAoQIgWKAChlMBpmJgzOebnJ7eh+sdBA9UgI5LFZi1AagACBKp/j4gagi/FBkVcPp8TMXAuM/nmZ7ej+sdBI/P5zsRL0AFAlRgppkAKgCCRO88CIJWAcYGHD6fZ3r6dVzvIHh2xReKf++cUAEvSUIFAIgnFFXACRUAQDVQAQCA8VCjAk6fzzs9fQDXOwBKxL8KUDTt9XpZG6BpGioAgNGBCgCgIXNCBTxer5ckGRugoQIAGB9dVEBNFy3MQQCMyJxRAb8N0FABAIyPXiog3zlLamZC0Z6PUqhZWXEd+U6XwcIUItqXU5Pyge7MFRVgbYCGCgBgfHRUAZk5CWNKBVSuHOzukPvjkjmkAkwzAQUVAMD4QAWCWkFmfagAsM85FfB6oQIAxAFSMxN6pqfH/eMLjWv9MGH4KsCtaee+K6xyF82+ovXzoq0AMiogWoJMaWp+5W4o/9eB2GQOqABFTXo8rA1ABQCIA0RVINlkmpyeHvX52NB24GFNVEAx5csvl1+i8lfRQqRKU6kCwr9UvhwQU8w9FaAoqAAARkdUBZJMJvf0tM3nY2NC0+mItKoV4L6WuqFXqQLCegLhjoTb8m7ihctFD1imZBkVkDrCGEfmWzYcGG0QKgBAfCKqAhtTTK6p6f4pHxuuqem9qfGsAlKHKqUCMoXI1BwolqymVsBYMN9mHIA5CAJUgLUBqAAAcYCoCryw1eQgp7snfGyMk9MvHzCMCog2EAhv32W2Ff1V/nVQmiK1o/hrIPBhZsI4UwHSrwKMDUAFAIgDRFXg+aTtdjfdbiPZGJugd792SKudRkIF7BLdBu1iEiBagS9a9y5TLS/TCiC1XPRv4f4qpQIyRxjjQAVoqECkicQ0lADMKf70pz999tlnf/jDHz799NPf/va3H3300Ztvvvns+qQxp7vFOszGqMP94p59Gl65oakAMBxQATr+VMA9OcnaQIyoQKSmogRgzrBjx46UlJRt27YlJyevX7/+mWeeefb558fs4y3tnWyMjtlf3P2yhleuYtMsVCA+gArQcakCrA3Ejgr4Ko8gEIjQYrribbLssLsozZ7/xsCp/a2Zey4c2/b8s4n2sZH25no2xkaHd7+4U6srV6Y+gItWuwM6opUK6N4+AhWACiAQcRuiKrB+3dOO0SFL4zU2xkcG9uzaru/1DoyIJioQC70moQL8JwigAghE3ISoCmx8drVrdKC/qYYN10jf3he36nu9AyOiuQroBVQgQAWYigH35CRUAIGIgxBVgaRnV02ODYy0XGTDPdq378Ut+l7vwIhEVAVkntTQ/MkLqMCsCrAe4J6cJKECCITxQ1QFNj+3ymPvH2+7wIZnrPf1l6ACIGii01cghBEjggUqIK4CqBVAIOIgRFVgy/OrSHu/q/0CG96x3gO7oQIgaDR/goCX3UUrBkQHkIAKCNGgrwBqBRCIOAhRFdj6/CpyfMDdeZEN0t538GWoAAiayKmAVHOA1DphAhUQUQE0ECAQ8RGiKrDt+VXU+MBk50U2KHvfG1ABEDyRe4JAqvJfzesQgApABRCIuA2oAIgoEe0rIFr5L7VOmAcAFYAKIBBxG1ABEFEw2iAdxyqAcQUQiPgIqACIKOGrACGGVoenHqgAVACBiNuACoCIgloBGioQaaACCESYARUAEQUqQEMFIg1UAIEIM6ACIKJABWioQKSBCiAQYQZUAEQUqAANFYg0UAEEIsyACoCI4vP5TsQLUAGoAAIRnyGtAv1QARA+u+ILxb8XKqADUAEEIsyACgCgIVABHYAKIBBhBlQAAA2BCugAVACBCDNkVeDCZOcFqAAA6oEK6ABUAIEIM6ACAGgIVEAHoAIIRJghrgIvrCKZJwi6ZoIa73vj5a36Xu8AxD5QAR2ACiAQYYaECqwmHQOTXZcmu2eCGu9/4+Vt+l7vAMQ+UAEdgAogEGGGqApsXb+GdAxOdF9xd191d191W65S4wMH92zX93oHIPaBCugAVACBCDPEVWDDWtJpm7DemOipc/fUuXvqSKft4Cs79L3eAYh9oAI6ABVAIMIMcRXY+CzpGpvob57ob3YPtLgHWkjX6MFXX9T3egcg9pkDKkDTUAEEIs5CXAWSN5Bup2vE6hqxToz0TIz0kJOOg/teifQV7QNBomb8O33R+xPSEow2CBVAIOIzxFVgy2avx+Ny2F0Ou8sxPuEcJ72egwdej/QV7fP5rEA1KkfF15e4+U4xB8GsCni83lhTAb1PDwCMjcVi6ezsbG1tra+vr62tPXv27OnTp7dsN3nIqfFJ2jE55fBMOTzTXmr6wKGIX+++eJnFLjoYSAX0PgoNgAoEqABrA7GgAvpWFgEQB0xPT5Mk6Xa77Xb7wMBAa2vrhQsXtphMHpq207R9amp8asoxPe2Znj4Q+evdFy9pIzpABaIJVCB2VQAAECZjY2PDw8P9/f0Wi6WlpaW2tra4uHizyTRJ0yMUNUrTY1NTY1NTnunp16ECMQZUIJpABaACAMQtoiqQbDK5adpGUcM0PTI1NTI15Z6a2g8ViDGgAtEEKsBXASagAgDEAaIqkGQyuWh6gCQHKGqQpodoemJqal9cqADhR6vSeC8034UMca8CBAdtjyqEAqECUAEA4hZRFdhkMrloupck+yiqj6L6ado1NfWa8VWAl7CFC0MuUMoJQi5ZDfGtArxPT9sPEyrAoFYF+vr6oAIAxDFSKuCk6R6vt4ckeymqj6KcU1OvxpcKyC8MtkBNxCJY5pQKaAtUgEGVCoyOjjIqcP78eREVoOnsU6fSAAAG59ChQwcPHty/f//evXt37dqVnJy8yWRyUpSVUQGS7I13FeAmctFfpTIHVEARzVVA+B3ZA79E4TpSWwXFXFQBj8fDqkBLS8vFixdNJtP09DRXBUiKomiaCgkyMCThHdnUFD0VyPQ0L4BREH53MzE1NTU1xXzXMyckL0I6x/ghwKsy1OHhhYZ4vR52N8yhB14ylP9iEV4m4l/E1JTX652YmBgbG+vv729paTl//vwmk8nBqIC/YsBJ03GgAnaJJMF7YeckGOFqvNJEt0VfAZbI1QoIJUDqW5NfopI5qgIul2tsbGxgYKCtre3y5cspKSmVlZVekuT/j/MHdyBCxXBPTnKD+xa3TOafb4A0MP/pGCfgSYDPhzBciNoA8/0y3zX71bPJWOXpxzvHRMLtnhCEa2JCPpwul6pwOh2CGHc4NAmmNKfLxRzShNvNXES8q4Z1Au7FIvoVeElywu0es9v7BwZaWlvPX7gwowIeT4/X2+v19pKkk6bjoK8AFzXN/KGpgPwmGjI3VYBXVaMmzROByBQuwxxVAWbIkcHBwc7OzuvXr588edJkMpEUpYkK8P5l85Yo2oBQBXj/2nTPcAj1IVU9wNoAKwQyKiBzBsoLQQg2oF4IImoDzC5cExMTYjYwe7HQtMzFMi2rApbJSYvHwzQTxE2tAEs4KqCyXQAqYNdaBUK741ezRJG5qAJer9ftdo+Pj9tsNqvVWl9fn5+fbzKZqqqqpGwgZA8Q1g3wSlZfMYAaAiOGjAqw1QO8igGRGnjtVEDDugGhCmglBGxRMzbgdnNtwMuzAdmKAVEV2Ggy2Umyw+3unJzs8ni6vd5xmt5rfBVQn85DVgHFigQNmVMqEFrlPxoI5FFQAZIkme4CzEMEbW1tt2/fPn78+HPPPcfYgOjNmVYqEFQzAS3WaUD39IZQH5KdBjh1A2qaCYJqk5JXAZV1A8pOEDEVELUBN9cGOM0E8jYgqgIvpJhGPWSjw93knGx2eVomPKMk9XJczEEg2pDPTeS8tmephn/eQvQVkELzcQUUGwjsYl+B8JsN9mDmrgq4XC673T40NNTX19fc3Hzr1q3jx4+bTCameoDfmSuYLl2ifbtE8BcrwpSAwL5R6EJoLGR6EdKBveFKlwoAAAvGSURBVAhnzlKp0KgXoUpC62ko1cYRbLCdB73sAfE6D/ovFlriMpmW6Db43FbTsJuss03cHHbfGpm8PeoZnqReOhAPKhAUUUjn4RD3KhBTzEUVYG1gYmJifHx8eHi4r6+vu7v71q1bFRUVn3/+uQkAEC9s375969atmzdv3rRp03PPPbd69ep1yaZBJ3m1d+Jan7u2f/J6v2fIRe3aDxWYXS5TYRA14lgFCDEicXjqmXMqwMAVAqZ6wGaz9fT0MI0FV65cOXv2bGlpaWFhYX5+vtlsNpvNuQAAo5GTk3Pq1KmsrKyTJ09+/vnnv//97z/++OPEJNOAg7zU7bpsmbhsdV/pmRxwUjv2zTkViHHiWAVikDmqArTfBrxeLzPi0NjY2NDQUE9PT0dHR1NT082bN69evVpTU3PhwoVz586dPXv27Nmz1QAAQ1FVVVVeXl5SUlJQUHD69Omvvvrq+PHjiUmmAYe3ptt1yTLB2MCAAyoQc0AFoslcVwGmYsDtdrM20NfXZ7FYOjo6WlpaGhoabt++fevWrbq6urq6uhsAAENx/fr1q1evXrp06dy5c2VlZbm5uZ9//vm6zaZBp/dqj/Nqr+ta30Rt38Sgi5yDDQQxDlQgmsxdFaDFbMButw8PDw8ODvb19Vmt1q6urs7Ozvb29ra2tlYAgNFoaWlpbGy8detWbW3txYsXS0tLv/322+e3moYnvHVDzptDrps21y3bhM1N7j4IFYgtoALRBCowYwNMS4HL5XI4HHa7fWRkxGazDQwM9Pf39/X19fX19QIAjEZPT093d3d7e3tjY+ONGzfOnTuXm5u7PsU06vE2jDsbx51NDleT0zXqJfekRkMFToBgMIQK6P0hacbcVQFaYANM9YDL5XI6nePj43a7fXR0dAQAYEyYSr7e3t7Ozs6mpqYrV64UFhZuMpnsXm+bw9HudHY4nR0ul50kozDa4C4QPJH+UsJE749HYxT/3rhVATrwWW1WCBgnYLUAAGBEHA4H2yO4vb39xo0bZWVlySaTw+u1OBwWh8PqdPa4XA6vdz8mJQdAiXhWAQaeEHCdAABgUJhWv7GxscHBQYvFUl9fX1VVtdVkcnm9Aw7HgMMx4HQOOp0TXu8BqAAASsS/CjBIjeYGADAiJEm63W6HwzE8PNzT09PY2Hj27NltJpPb6x12OGbC6XR7vW9ABQBQYq6oAAAgnqAoihk4ZGRkpLe3t6mp6dy5cykm06TXO+pwjDocYw7HmMMx6fEcggoAoARUAABgPKRUwOP1jvk9gFGBVKgAAEpABQAAxkNGBewOBxseqAAAKoAKAACMh6gKmEwmj9fLnRPZ4/GkQQUAUAIqAAAwHlABADQEKgAAMB5QAQA0BCoAADAeIauA3oPAAqA/Pp8PKgAAMDzhqIDeg8ACoCdWqxUqAACIB8JUAe0qVgEwGFABAECcABUAIDSgAgCAOEErFSAIgveCec0g/DcqulC4odTmQRF+CQAIgQoAAOKEyKkAzwmC+ifLWx+5HMQgUAEAQJwQHRUIFqgAiH2gAgCAOEEvFeCuJlxTSgWENQ3sT946okuEu9OwGQLMNaACAIA4Qd++AlLeINVXQFQFQpAA3t6FBwCAIlIqQEEFAADGIqIqIHw3tPUVawXULFGzJgDqgQoAAOKEMFVAZbuAfBNA+A0EapZABYC2QAUAAHFC5FRATbKXaSAQ/VXYwwAqAPRCRgW8JOklSagAAMAYhN9AIN+cL99XQLi5sBDRMu3BJHiZxC/aIwEANSiqAGMDNFQAABDjYLRBBqgACBaoAAAgTpjLKoAqARAOUAEAQJwwl1UAgHBQowJekqShAgCAGAcqAEBoQAUAAHECVACA0IAKAADiBKgAAKEBFQAAxAlQAQBCAyoAAIgTpFTACxUAQBaoAAAgTpBRAYfT6YAKACABVAAAECcoqIDTCRUAQBSoAAAgTghHBawAzG2gAgCAeEBRBZhmAqEK+AAAUAEAQBygSgWcTqEKAACEQAUAAMYDKgCAhkAFAADGAyoAgIZABQAAxkOtCni9UAEAFIEKAACMB1QAAA2BCgAAjIekCpCkEyoAQJBABQAAxkNOBVwuJ1QAgGBIS0ujKAoqAAAwEgoq4HI5XS6oAAAqYVTA4/V6vV6oAADAGKhRASdUAAB1sCrggQoAAIwCVAAADYEKAACMB1cF+vr6xFXA5fJCBQBQAVcFmGYCmqZNJpPZbD579mxdXR1UAAAQc7AqMDo6yqjA+fPnRVUg6/vv0wAAsmSfOkXRNKsCHoEKtLW19fX1QQUAADEERVEej4dVgZaWlosXL5pMpunpaa4KuCcnvZz/bgGhCf5bKKZOlSRJkqJIyg9Nz/y/nPIzPc0GYJn9WPzQTNA0RdPsx0lSFOmH29fdGwK8EkINZZjDDimiCk2TnFoBj9c7PT1tMpny8vLOnz9/69at9vZ2qAAAILZgVMDlco2NjQ0MDLS1tV2+fDklJaWysnJiYoJrA8yjBKLBTGQcZjicTmYvrokJ18TEhNvtnpycZC2BJEnWCaamaI4NTPt8CDbYj4X2ewDzoZEU5SVJj9c76fFMejzuyckJt3vCj8sfvG9cMVycbcOMCbdbJtyTk2EG84cHG+L6qzq8JFlZWZmSklJYWHjx4sXbt293dnb29/ePjo66XC6oAAAgJmBUwO122+32wcHBzs7O69evnzx50mQyTXo8Iv/9I6kCXBuYCLSB/7+d+11KlA3jOH6YngFn5OjrDmEdZ3xBGeIUY82whjHBA0jC3v4B9UYJBdyZ58VdLKWVW+3Kjr/PdAQZ8O26L4nfrAEEwf4pwGqAPR3zz9qP1cAXpsC7NfDJIDhICiRpynFcuVzmeb7T6aiqatv2aDSilEZRhBQAgEJI0zSO4yiKgiDwPM9xnNvb23q9znGcIAjRarV9998xGPiKFMhqgAVBfjDwWANskpyrgZ+YDexTA08p8HYNfHgw8K/MBv5+CiRpKggCu5RarZYsy7quO47jeV4QBFEUxXGMFACAw0vTNEkSti7AvkRgGEav16tUKqVSSRCE1Xr9EEV/85jgVwq8ckyQZLdPpMB+NZBu1UB2TBAhBf5AELA/VEEQSqVStVo9OzuTJElRFMuy8osCT2V7MEgBANhscikQhiGldDKZEEI0TVMUpVKpcBzH/qfZZ7nsk6PUX5uD2XFAbmUs3b5lbq0QQt5r+4OPn/vTFmF+hXD3LuEXrv59lU+sEH5wi5D9xvb+aTab7NqpVqunp6eiKMqyrGnaYDAYj8eUUrYokCAFAKAIHp8HSbJerx8eHoIg8H2fEHJ/f68oSrPZPDk54QDgN5XL5fPzc9YBkiSpqspGAr7vLxaL7HQAKQAARZEPAjYe8DzPdV12WHB1dSWKIs/zjUajXq/XarVarfYNAHZhF0ij0eB5vtVqSZIky7KqqqZpuq7red6LqcABawApAADPsFtSHMfsjUPz+Xwymbiua1nW3d3dzc3N9fW1JEkXFxftdlsURVEUWwDwHLs02u325eVlp9ORZVlRFE3TLMtyXXcymczn8+VyuVqtMBUAgMLJDwaiKMpqgBAyGAwsy9J1XVXVXq+nKEq32+12u98B4Dl2aSiK0uv1VFXVdd2yrMFgQAjJOoB9jfDgI4ENUgAAtm3XAKXU9/3xeEwIcRzHtu1+v2+apmEY/wHALoZhmKbZ7/dt23YchxAyHo9936eUFqoDNkgBANiWrUsnScJOCsIwXCwWlNLpdOp53mg0Gg6HhBBCyA8A2IVdIMPhcDQaeZ43nU4ppYvFIgxDdi6QdQBSAACK6EUNsPFAGIbL5TIIAkrpbDabAsB7ZrMZpTQIAvaaDDYMKFQHbJACAPCa/LepsyBgTZBlAQC8jT3+WQFsR0AROmCDFACAt70IgnwTAMCesndlFS0CGKQAALxv54vXAOBjDn1Bv4QUAAAAOGpIAQAAgKOGFAAAADhqSAEAAICjhhQAAAA4akgBAACAo4YUAAAAOGpIAQAAgKOGFAAAADhq/wP0oVfcxT3nWgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" /><br />
<br />
Finally, you could use the JIS feature to grab the info for any program by making a TCP connection to the IP and Port shown. In the Jupiter Info Server Options you can push out the selected info (in string format) by using the Push option or by Sending a "J" to the server from your client you can get the JIS to send you the string. Try it using a terminal program.<br />
<br />
Added September 2. 2017<br />
Larry Dodd, K4LED, used the features described above to make the nice solar observation report below;<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcLdccZGoOG1ECj-QIZkdOsB1fiaBV5wOlLqalMKptk4obo4G2ASnGMAXJ2Tq-tB7Vqc0fGaOiQoeDbWRa1TLw0JWX8KbZT0EyZXLRt5RbsJ8pncb58nhUwkrqUMwG2JmA8NEFpqF69LE/s1600/K4LEDusingSlopeTool.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="863" data-original-width="676" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcLdccZGoOG1ECj-QIZkdOsB1fiaBV5wOlLqalMKptk4obo4G2ASnGMAXJ2Tq-tB7Vqc0fGaOiQoeDbWRa1TLw0JWX8KbZT0EyZXLRt5RbsJ8pncb58nhUwkrqUMwG2JmA8NEFpqF69LE/s1600/K4LEDusingSlopeTool.PNG" /></a></div>
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Have Fun.<br />
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Jimradioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-75234907485626514082017-08-16T02:44:00.001+01:002017-08-16T02:44:20.011+01:00RTL RFI Interference Sniffer<div>
<h3>
RTL RFI Interference Sniffer</h3>
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A useful RFI finder tool is a software defined radio (SDR) such as a $20 dongle receiver (and $40 up-converter if you want to cover HF). You might also be able to find frequency ranges that are free from interference! You can actually use a portable setup like this for hunting down interference.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxEwD_DGjMQfnQrzpjpRe292DTRQ8Mkis24WwywkCzd_QeT83rmiUNvhfHz5t_FERkkqdcovrvYqb7J4-FUgetqYgoCp9Ni71iLI27-srZYEB_XdCRHvuGhpU-_b8Vscromv4atiB74MQ/s1600/TabletRadio.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxEwD_DGjMQfnQrzpjpRe292DTRQ8Mkis24WwywkCzd_QeT83rmiUNvhfHz5t_FERkkqdcovrvYqb7J4-FUgetqYgoCp9Ni71iLI27-srZYEB_XdCRHvuGhpU-_b8Vscromv4atiB74MQ/s320/TabletRadio.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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This system can be improved by mounting the antenna on the end of a wooden or plastic stick,( a paint stirrer works well). The choke helps to keep you from becoming part of the antenna, which while not resonant, works well when probed close to suspected radiators. (<b><span style="color: red;">Not hot power lines !</span></b>) As a matter of fact, you should wear some electrically insulated gloves when doing this.</div>
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This project requires an Android device that has <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_On-The-Go" target="_blank">OTG USB support</a> so that the device can be used to operate a RTL style dongle radio. The tablet itself is an RFI radiator, or at least the one I have tried is. It possible insulate yourself from the tablet by using gloves, placing it in a cover, or mounting it on a piece of sturdy cardboard that can be used to handle the tablet without touching it. When you touch the tablet you become an antenna for its own RFI. Normally that isn't a problem because your antenna is far from your tablet, but in this case you are carrying them both. </div>
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You need two programs from the Google app store.</div>
<ul>
<li>RF Analyzer (Free) or SDRTouch (I bought the paid version for $10).</li>
<li>RTL-SDR driver.</li>
</ul>
Just search for RTL SDR in Google Play. You may even find a program you like better. It works well for me on this rather modest 7" LG tablet that came "free" with a phone plan. <br />
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I am using the small whip antenna that came with one of RTL dongles (everyone has at least 8, right?) You can also construct a small dipole or loop if you wish. Unless you know that you are going to be working in a relatively small part of the spectrum, the antenna is not going to be resonant anyway. In most situations it is going to act like a near-field voltage probe, which is probably the preferable mode for sniffing interference sources around the house. If it is too sensitive it is going to be harder to home in a RFI source. <br />
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<a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2017/06/radio-frequency-interference-basics.html" target="_blank">Read my post about RFI basics.</a><br />
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radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-4072778950759744772017-08-16T00:16:00.000+01:002017-08-16T00:16:22.332+01:00Pre-Eclipse Checklist for Radio Jove Observers<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0pZW27koYNRCe08irokrZWZw31GMZJeS0zqi7oqVE5KpVyqr8KUlU82-1Gc9Y0Sm3NmdcmHGEcocPcgAmkv3yxPh95H0L9c3ZGz_hbFzmZwcC6hLhn67daDxxuaKV4KUKPIGy6ogEyFk/s1600/EclipseGB.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="908" data-original-width="1284" height="451" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0pZW27koYNRCe08irokrZWZw31GMZJeS0zqi7oqVE5KpVyqr8KUlU82-1Gc9Y0Sm3NmdcmHGEcocPcgAmkv3yxPh95H0L9c3ZGz_hbFzmZwcC6hLhn67daDxxuaKV4KUKPIGy6ogEyFk/s640/EclipseGB.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Radio Jove observers from Canada to Mexico will be watching the great 2017 eclipse at at 20.1 MHz. We will be looking for changes in the galactic background radio emissions. This is different from most other eclipse/radio experiments that will be occurring. Those efforts mostly will be looking at artificial radio signals (transmitters) reflecting from the ionosphere. Not us. We picked a target made harder by the fact that we will be looking at a quiet part of the sky.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH3T8l63WFz0FVr99mIC2r6JuoNprORKUI0a7_2JpvMd7WQHKC6XJk_V93ZJ1Btm62KeUJf6NaMmwCKmZhNUqPJQHVo0Koi6Osn1pqavcA2f0fFanOzzzZ00iPX0wePIrn2SQR50i85mw/s1600/170821180000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="909" data-original-width="909" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH3T8l63WFz0FVr99mIC2r6JuoNprORKUI0a7_2JpvMd7WQHKC6XJk_V93ZJ1Btm62KeUJf6NaMmwCKmZhNUqPJQHVo0Koi6Osn1pqavcA2f0fFanOzzzZ00iPX0wePIrn2SQR50i85mw/s640/170821180000.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The sky at 408 MHz during the eclipse of August 21, 2017 as seen from KY. The circle represents a dipole antenna beam aimed at the zenith. The Sun and Moon (neither to scale) are shown to coincide. Virgo A will also be near the beam.</td></tr>
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Andrea and I will be on the road looking for a place in the line of totality to set up our dipole. Roads are expected to be clogged with people. Good luck to everyone observing. Be safe out there<br />
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<h2>
Radio Jove – Solar Eclipse Instructions Checklist</h2>
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<strike>1. Observing Plan – coordinated practice sessions with Radio Jove Team</strike><br />
<strike> a. Call during a Help Session</strike><br />
<strike> b. Upload a 24-hr test record to the Data Archive to check data quality http://radiojove.org/archive.html</strike><br />
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2. <b>Equipment</b><br />
a. Receiver tuned to a clear frequency (near 20.1 MHz) and working properly<br />
b. Antenna Setup – Dual Dipole (No phasing cable) or Single Dipole<br />
c. Calibrator (optional but encouraged for better scientific results)<br />
d. Windows Computer with Sound Card<br />
e. Check the audio cable input to the computer – choose Line or Mic input<br />
f. Software – Update Radio-Skypipe Pro (to version 2.7.28 or later)<br />
i. Set ALL Identity Info (under Options menu)<br />
1. Give a useful Local Name (this is your Station ID name; e.g. MTSU or HNRAO)<br />
2. Give receiver/antenna description in Notes (under Options menu)<br />
ii. Set Meta-data (under Options/Misc, click Radio Jove MetaData) to give antenna information. Example Description: Jove Dual Dipole; Beam Azimuth: 180; Beam Elevation: 90; Polarization 1: Linear<br />
iii. Check Tools/Mixer (Input sound settings) – select the correct sound card input (Line or Mic)<br />
iv. Calibrator – run Cal Wizard to calibrate your system to Antenna Temperature (if possible do a daily calibration)<br />
v. Timing – Check computer clock for accuracy. Run Atomic clock if needed.<br />
vi. Timing – Record ALL data in UT time<br />
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3. <b>Site and Safety Check</b> – check for power lines and other potential hazards<br />
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4.<b> Data Collection</b><br />
a. Collect data for August 19 – 23, 2017, or longer if possible<br />
b. Collect a minimum of 6 hours each day: Set start/stop time for 3 hours from 18:30 UT<br />
c. 24 hr records are preferable<br />
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5. <b>Data Analysis</b><br />
a. Load data in Radio-Skypipe and view the full data record<br />
b. Change Y-axis scale to 0 and 250 kK (for calibrated data)<br />
c. Save record as an image file, preferably a JPEG<br />
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6. <b>Data Archive</b><br />
a. Login to the data archive: http://radiojove.org/archive.html<br />
b. Upload the data record (.SPD file) and the JPEG image together<br />
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<br />radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-51309826715979789322017-06-30T22:37:00.000+01:002017-06-30T22:37:04.850+01:00Radio Frequency Interference - Basics<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUindPlDq9G1yqQf5GA1sCGV9sytAZAs56msGF3eaUt0U26DH4rBO7UoDgih7MzYG39crscm1Li7SqyfkZC5uPgNaop78VDIJS5SudOQ5Cb6m45tqmpWzuxAOzTgSmb2QITyySc6CyECA/s1600/100_2940.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1552" data-original-width="1164" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUindPlDq9G1yqQf5GA1sCGV9sytAZAs56msGF3eaUt0U26DH4rBO7UoDgih7MzYG39crscm1Li7SqyfkZC5uPgNaop78VDIJS5SudOQ5Cb6m45tqmpWzuxAOzTgSmb2QITyySc6CyECA/s640/100_2940.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The only tree that I ever actually hated.</td></tr>
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Radio astronomy's biggest nemesis is unarguably radio frequency interference or RFI. Our electrically civilized world is full of it, and it is getting worse. The light pollution activists in the optical astronomy world have been fighting a terrifically challenging villain, but at least people can relate to light pollution in a very personal way. The unseen RF spectrum is much harder to get people excited about. For the most part, you are on your own when trying to track down and re-mediate RFI.<br />
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<h3>
Identifying RFI</h3>
For the purposes of this post, let's assume you have a simple Radio Jove receiver and are listening in at 20.1 MHz. Assuming that Jupiter or the Sun is not active and there is no lightning nearby, what would you expect to hear from the receiver if there was <u>no</u> local RFI? You would hear a steady hiss. White noise. The sound would be basically featureless. Some of that hiss would come from your receiver's components and hopefully, some will be hiss from the Milky Way.<br />
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Example of hiss.<a href="http://radiosky.com/Wes_Hiss.wav" target="_blank"> Galactic Hiss from Radio Alachua</a><br />
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In actual practice, you probably will hear a few pops and other imperfections especially in the HF band where lightning and man made signals can propagate from long distances away. <br />
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Displayed on a strip chart galactic radio noise should look like a "grassy" line. When hooked to an antenna pointed to the zenith, a day-long variation occurs in that grassy line corresponding to the Earth's rotation through the plane of the galaxy. (See "A Natural Periodic Signal" below). Any sudden deviations from that slowly rolling terrain indicates either:<br />
<ul>
<li>A energetic event from space (what we may want to see).</li>
<li>An energetic event from our Earth's electromagnetic sources (lightning, radio aurorae).</li>
<li>A case of human made radio interference, RFI.</li>
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What we would like to do is sort out the cosmic events from the Earth-born ones. <br />
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<h3>
Sudden Changes </h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhel7MZZmf3914mUx8TkaY2kdDdPbmlYuvxi-ZdaVq9gOvhqP1C6NgWTcMQ26_qSwEyOHWrOYZuwlGZrrFdKgNJN2kx6qq31YXvArWaBCyV66KE26e8xzqt5HJvgvW5Wc9WTUUASVKTyyc/s1600/Interference1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="369" data-original-width="919" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhel7MZZmf3914mUx8TkaY2kdDdPbmlYuvxi-ZdaVq9gOvhqP1C6NgWTcMQ26_qSwEyOHWrOYZuwlGZrrFdKgNJN2kx6qq31YXvArWaBCyV66KE26e8xzqt5HJvgvW5Wc9WTUUASVKTyyc/s640/Interference1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Sudden changes in signal strength indicate an unnatural source (except for lightning). Even more compelling is when a signal stops suddenly. Nothing in the natural world behaves like that. Things of nature do not have off/on switches and large sources of energy like solar flares have significant light travel times across them limiting how quickly its radio signature might rise or fall. If on a chart with a multiple-samples/second sample rate, we see an instantaneous vertical leap of significant amplitude, we are safe to say it did not come from the Sun. Solar flares can reach peak amplitudes in just a few seconds, but not in a few milliseconds. <br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZDH32e70-ncwQ5kZbtngpxUxFoOvk05Wd025JKoifqsS-RQxz7CdrCzWCCQHXRJTU8bTGd24aCpuhpGQynxIjD-X7hoI5DSknmiY9JvlsiNnlHJP2Wd3a4ypDKUaBVqv-CcBNQgAKb5Q/s1600/InterferenceJumps.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="311" data-original-width="718" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZDH32e70-ncwQ5kZbtngpxUxFoOvk05Wd025JKoifqsS-RQxz7CdrCzWCCQHXRJTU8bTGd24aCpuhpGQynxIjD-X7hoI5DSknmiY9JvlsiNnlHJP2Wd3a4ypDKUaBVqv-CcBNQgAKb5Q/s640/InterferenceJumps.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Your strip chart may look like this if you have interfering signals. These sudden jumps above the baseline level indicate RFI.</td></tr>
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Often there will be less dramatic but still obvious jumps in the signal level on a chart that have no obvious other symptom. There are a number of things that can cause this. A strong out of band signal can desensitize your radio. You should observe with the AGC off if your radio has the feature, but these level jumps can still happen, perhaps when the ham next store turns on his amp. More often these jumps are the result of lamps, power supplies, and other appliances that put out a broad noisy spectrum without much structure. It may sound like cosmic hiss but still be RFI. This noise adds to the galactic background noise and does not contribute much beyond the obvious jump in baseline.<br />
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<h3>
Modulation</h3>
Audio modulation of the signal is not always easy to see on a strip chart <a href="http://radiosky.com/interference_modulated.wav" target="_blank">but usually it is easy to hear</a>. ANY regular pattern you hear in the signal that deviates from a white noise signal is suspect. If the sound has any sort of buzz or trill, or tones embedded in it you can rule it out as being a natural signal. Modulated signals can arise from unintentional radiators such as switching power supplies, digital circuits, and televisions, and from intentional radiators like over the horizon radar, radio data links, shortwave stations, and ionosondes,<br />
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Power line noise is often modulated by 60 Hz in the Americas and 50 Hz elsewhere. It also tends to have a sharp raspy sound but may be more subtle. If the noise is not constant it will often vary with the moisture level in the air. Some power line interference is only present when it is dry and other types are triggered by rain or dew. Power line noise often manifests on a strip chart as a very irregular signature. <a href="http://www.arrl.org/files/file/RFI%20Sounds/n9mn-line-noise-seminole.mp3" target="_blank">Here is a particularly nasty bit of powerline RFI from the ARRL RFI collection.</a><br />
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Though never really thought of as RFI, Jupiter emissions do have structure. You can learn to hear these characteristics by listening to audio recordings of them in a few sessions. They do not have very distinctive signatures when viewed in a single frequency strip chart. However, they are easy to identify on a wide band radio-spectrograph, so check the on line spectrographs to see what Jupiter is doing while listening on your single frequency receiver. Check on <a href="http://radiosky.com/rjpro3ishere.html" target="_blank">Radio-Jupiter Pro</a> or on the nice free iPhone app by Kazumasa Imai called <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/jupiter-radio-map-for-iphone/id796310136?mt=8" target="_blank">Jupiter Radio Map</a> to check on probabilities of a signal being Jupiter.<br />
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<h3>
Periodicity</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNqd1gjxc0FtFfbaAqueec2WbI5u6WFHzfKXw1IHo5q5RqsSQlXwHO0av36EK4pf2OSLY5IPlEoBsDb9PHj9QKdxb-4EUosJp2BMhOSjI7pjeQltIF6zzD7-V-OKwgE_V1EsSqb5e9fy8/s1600/interference_periodic_170625053613.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="310" data-original-width="918" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNqd1gjxc0FtFfbaAqueec2WbI5u6WFHzfKXw1IHo5q5RqsSQlXwHO0av36EK4pf2OSLY5IPlEoBsDb9PHj9QKdxb-4EUosJp2BMhOSjI7pjeQltIF6zzD7-V-OKwgE_V1EsSqb5e9fy8/s640/interference_periodic_170625053613.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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With the exception of pulsars, there aren't any natural signals that appear and disappear with the regularity that might be attributed to a clock (at least a 24 Earth hour clock) . You will never be over-run by interference from a pulsar - ever! Pulsars are much to weak. So anything that turns on and off at regular intervals, milliseconds to hours, will not be of cosmic origin.<br />
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A common complaint from rural observers is a sudden pulse that occurs every 1 to 2 seconds. This is often an electric fence which pulses in this fashion to save power, thank goodness, (Imagine a 60 Hz train of these!) There is also the kind of period that occurs over the course of a day. Some people turn things on at night and off in the morning ( or the opposite). Motorized appliances such as blenders often show up at the time of days when they are usually used to prepare meals.<br />
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<h3>
A Natural Periodic Signal</h3>
But there is also a natural daily cycle that is manifested in the galactic background (GB) and the effects of the sun directly and indirectly via the ionosphere. The signature of the GB on Karl Jansky's strip charts announced the dawn of radio astronomy. It was the period of the bump we see when our antenna beams slowly rotate through the plane of our galaxy that gave away it's origin. The bump peaked at a given spot in the sky about every 23 hours and 56 minutes, roughly 4 minutes shy of a 24 hour day. This is the time of the stars, sidereal time, and it tells us the source is located far from the Earth. If over a period of months you see a natural signal at the same <a href="http://radiosky.com/sidclockdownload.html" target="_blank">sidereal time</a> every day then you have something that doesn't move much against the backdrop of the stars and is probably very far away in origin. <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJrdE3OoFhjjGfHsfzc-8prNW1n_7BBZSYo1z7aXOWDMdbpLLw3B1DCevl62PDh0SLBeDEuvMueo3Lg_vtmyzTVoryXUbjTBcewhoHWDy4KfRcnUxCP8ZfqxJtVs1TRl83a2mZZs-oslM/s1600/JB-Galactic-Plane-170521000000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="306" data-original-width="714" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJrdE3OoFhjjGfHsfzc-8prNW1n_7BBZSYo1z7aXOWDMdbpLLw3B1DCevl62PDh0SLBeDEuvMueo3Lg_vtmyzTVoryXUbjTBcewhoHWDy4KfRcnUxCP8ZfqxJtVs1TRl83a2mZZs-oslM/s640/JB-Galactic-Plane-170521000000.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The strip chart above comes from HNRAO and shows clearly the Galactic Plane bulge which you should expect to see during a 24 hour observation. The hump is broad but should advance earlier by 2 hours every month, identifying it as a sidereal object outside our solar system.</td></tr>
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In the example above, notice that there are lots of deflections to higher values which may or may not be unnatural RFI, but very seldom do we see a spike below the the fairly well defined lower edge of the trace. When you do see a downward spike from this lower edge, it may be interference of the desensitizing type but more likely it is just a glitch from the sound card. Make sure you use 11025 or 12000 Hz as your audio sample rate (Options/Sound in Radio-SkyPipe).<br />
<h3>
Narrow Spectrum</h3>
If you can tune away from a signal by moving your tuning a few kHz, you are usually looking at an incidental radio signal emitted by an electronic device or an intentional signal such as a radio station. Most cosmic radio signals have very broad spectra and they span from a few MHz to GHz in bandwidth. As you know, black-body radiators emit at <u>all</u> frequencies, though peaking broadly at one. The quiet Sun, for example, emits radio waves throughout the spectrum though relatively weakly below 30 MHz unless it is flaring. When a radio solar flare occurs it usually can be seen through much of the HF spectrum though in some cases it can be constrained to a few MHz wide. The only thing I can think of that you might encounter in the way of a natural signal that is less than tens of kHz wide might be an N burst from Jupiter, but that will not be a regular source of interference.<br />
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<h3>
Finding RFI</h3>
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Your first suspect for RFI is you, that is, the electrical and electronic apparatuses that you own. If turning off the main circuit breaker to your house stops the RFI then celebrate because the source is under your control. When you do this test, you of course need a battery powered receiver. The Jove receiver can run off of a small twelve volt battery for hours. You can use headphones or a small battery powered speaker/amplifier to listen. While it is informative to run Radio-SkyPipe to monitor the signal visually, be aware that your own computer could be the source of the RFI. Turn off the monitor for a few seconds while running the strip chart and see if the RFI dips during this period. If the RFI is coming from the CPU, you will have to just use the audio from the radio headphones to detect it. The computer and/or monitor should be a major suspect until eliminated this way.<br />
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Assuming the RFI went away when you turned off the main breaker, locate the circuit by trying the breakers one at a time until you have found which circuit powers the problem device. Then begin eliminating devices on that circuit until you find the offender.<br />
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Here is my list of common RFI sources you might find in your home or lab.<br />
<ul>
<li>Any device with a switching power supply.</li>
<li>Any device with a motor including AC and furnaces and heat pumps.</li>
<li>Computers.</li>
<li>Computer monitors.</li>
<li>LED lighting.</li>
<li>Fluorescent lights.</li>
<li>Televisions old and new. (Plasma screens are sometimes bad enough that your neighbor's is suspect.)</li>
<li>Light Dimmers and motor speed controls.</li>
<li>Touch Lamps.</li>
<li>Battery chargers, especially for power tools. (Always unplug these when not in use.)</li>
<li>Bug zappers.</li>
<li>Ionizing air purifiers.</li>
<li>Electrostatic air cleaners.</li>
<li>Aquarium heaters.</li>
</ul>
<h3>
Mitigating Device Noise</h3>
There are a number of steps that you can take to reduce or eliminate RFI from electrical devices. The simplest, though perhaps least economical, is to replace the device with one that does not radiate RFI. Unfortunately, this can be a trial and error process so hold on to your receipts! You may also find that physically moving the device to a new location is helpful. <br />
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Place your antenna as far as possible from the RFI source and use good quality coax cable to your antenna. Chokes on the antenna coax shield may be helpful.<br />
<br />
If the problem is your own computer or monitor, the issue becomes more difficult. There is only so much you can do besides replacing them. Split core RF chokes may sometime be helpful. These may be placed on any cable entering or exiting the computer. If using a separate monitor (not a laptop), the monitor cable is a primary suspect. Many come un-shielded. Replace with a high quality shielded cable and/or add RF chokes to each end. In some cases you just need to leave the monitor off while observing. You can put remote control on the computer such as TeamViewer, the control the computer remotely and just leave the monitor off. USB and network cables also may be purchased with an range of shielding levels. <br />
<br />
Replace noisy switching power supplies with transformer based ones where possible. Add chokes when needed to on both ends of the DC cable. It usually does no good to add a choke to the 120V AC cord. Route wires away from your receiver and its feedline. Add chokes to the DC supply line leading to the receiver. Twisting a pair of power or digital leads can also reduce emissions.<br />
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<h3>
Power Line RFI</h3>
To hunt down power line RFI you have to use a portable battery powered receiver. One option is a small AM transistor radio, but you can also buy a RFI sniffer receiver that like the one below MFJ Enterprises if you are so inclined. These MFJ noise monitors are VHF devices seem to work best with strong power line interference. The AM radio is more sensitive but may lead to false detections.<br />
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With your radio, walk around to all of the power poles in your neighborhood listening for the offending noise in your headphones. Sometimes, the bad insulator or transformer will make an audible noise that you can hear without the receiver. I bought one of the "toy" $30 parabolic microphones shown below and found it helpful in sniffing out audibly detectable problem poles.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjONDmHcG04ezVCcO33EM4c23f546hyphenhyphenCfr_iZwscRpJDsKf8iPGpsOWyAs4c2uFA7oZUDlRbWrCk4eKF9o1Mslb1jf-b89M3F_ybcjdYwu8mIPQHv9B5tQXjUcHMm282w4xnswSQyQtqTE/s1600/100_2944.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1164" data-original-width="1552" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjONDmHcG04ezVCcO33EM4c23f546hyphenhyphenCfr_iZwscRpJDsKf8iPGpsOWyAs4c2uFA7oZUDlRbWrCk4eKF9o1Mslb1jf-b89M3F_ybcjdYwu8mIPQHv9B5tQXjUcHMm282w4xnswSQyQtqTE/s320/100_2944.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<h3>
Mitigating Power Line Noise</h3>
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Hopefully you don't need me to discourage you from trying to fix a problem on your power company's pole but just in case, <span style="color: red;">Don't Do That!</span> You need to enlist the help of your power company. When you find the offending pole take note of the pole number which is usually found on a metal ID tag. The response you get from the utility company can range from excellent service and a quick repair, to absolute disinterest. Most companies will send out a mobile unit to inspect the reported pole, so you want to be sure that you have found the right pole. Some utilities will have special technicians with spectrum analyzers and noise receivers just for the purpose of tracking down power line arcing. You can let those people doing the hunting for you, but it is nice if you can have a suspect of your own ready for them if they find nothing. If you can correlate the arcing with the weather point that out to them. Make an audio recording and offer to let the technicians listen to it. Be nice and you may find them very cooperative, but you may have to also be persistent to get anything done. It all depends on who you are working with. Intermittent problems may require them to make multiple trips, testing everyone's patience. If your description is good enough they may try to replace the insulators, transformer, etc. based on evidence you present to them. <a href="https://www.w8ji.com/power_line_noise.htm" target="_blank">Take a look at W8JI 's RFI page where he looks more closely at the problem components on a power pole.</a><br />
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<h3>
Lots More Information</h3>
Dave Typinski has put together a wonderful comprehensive page of RFI resources for the Radio Jove Project. Along with the many articles and book references there is a nice collection of HF spectrograms of a number of types of RFI. Don't miss this resource!<br />
<b><a href="http://radiojove.org/SUG/RFI/RFI.html" target="_blank"><br /></a></b>
<b><a href="http://radiojove.org/SUG/RFI/RFI.html" target="_blank">SUG RFI Resource</a></b><br />
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radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-55426804669787616802017-06-02T04:27:00.001+01:002017-06-02T04:27:10.248+01:00Programming Multiple Channels in the Arduino - Radio-SkyPipe Project.If you need a strip chart recorder for your Arduino project you might want to consider the Radio-SkyPipe. The free version of <a href="http://radiosky.com/skypipeishere.html" target="_blank">Radio-SkyPipe</a> will work for charting a single channel of data arriving through UDS (User Data Source) feature of RSP. Typically you might plot one of the analog to digital converter (ADC) inputs on the Arduino. <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2013/02/arduino-and-radio-skypipe.html">I introduced that here.</a> You might also be interested in how to <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2014/09/">connect to your Arduino with RSP over Ethernet or Wireless</a>.<br />
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If you have the Pro version of RSP you can plot up to 8 channels and this post contains some sample code for the Arduino that can accomplish that. This code will work with the Uno or the Mega but of course, you have fewer analog inputs to work with on the Uno and this example is limited to 4 channels.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;">// Skeleton sketch for UDS connection to Radio-SkyPipe </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // there are a lot of commented out print statements that</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // can be helpful in debugging.</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> int POLL; // if =1 then data is polled by RSP using a GETD command</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> int STAT; // -1 = we were just stopped by a KILL command 0 = startup state 1 = INIT rcvd 2 = Ready to Go 3= Running</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> void setup() {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> STAT == 0;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> POLL == 0;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.begin(9600); // connect to the serial port</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //delay(1000);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.print("^^1002Arduino UDS");</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.write(255);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> int incomingByte;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> void loop() {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // if we are pushing the data to RSP then we need to</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // establish our timing for sending new data.</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // here we are just doing a delay of 100ms to get a</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // sample rate of about 10 samples / sec.</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (POLL == 0 && STAT ==3){</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(100); </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> } </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> while (Serial.available() > 0) {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // read the oldest byte in the serial buffer:</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = Serial.read();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // if it's an K we stop (KILL):</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (incomingByte == 'K') {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.print("^^1002DEAD"); // Just for troubleshooting</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.write(255);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.println("Arduino UDS");</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //GET PAST THE REST OF THE WORD by Reading it.</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10); // not sure why these delays were needed</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = Serial.read();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = Serial.read();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = Serial.read();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = 0;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> STAT=-1 ;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // if it's a capital I run the INIT code if any</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (incomingByte == 'I' && STAT ==0) {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //INIT</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // GET RID OF 'NIT'</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = Serial.read();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = Serial.read();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = Serial.read();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = 0;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> STAT = 1 ;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.print("^^1002 INITIALIZED "); </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.write(255);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> } </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // if it's an L (ASCII 76) RSP will POLL for data</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (incomingByte == 'L') {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> POLL = 1;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // GET RID OF 'L'</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = Serial.read();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = 0;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.print("^^1002 POLLING ");</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.write(255); </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // H sets it to push</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (incomingByte == 'H') {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> POLL = 0;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.print("^^1002 PUSHING ");</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.write(255); </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // if it's a C then Radio-SkyPipe is requesting number of channels</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (incomingByte == 'C') {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // change the last digit to = digit of channels of data (ex. 1)</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print("^^20134");</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.write(255); // print result;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> STAT = 2; // ready to go</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (incomingByte == 'A' ) {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // A means STAT was requested so send UDS ready message</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print("^^1001");</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.write(255); // print result;;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // GET RID OF 'T'</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> delay(10);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = Serial.read();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> incomingByte = 0;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> STAT=3;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // if it's an D we should send data to RSP:</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (incomingByte == 'D' && POLL == 1 ) {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> //Serial.println(" DATA REQUEST RECEIVED ");</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> GETD() ;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (STAT== -1){</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> STAT = 0;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> } </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> } </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // we are finished processing any incoming commands from the PC</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // and we are not being polled so get a sample and send it</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> if (POLL == 0 && STAT == 3) {</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> GETD ();</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> // This is where data is fetched and sent on to RSP.</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> long int dat; //may have to change type to suit your data</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> void GETD(){</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> dat = analogRead(A0); // Replace this with a call to whatever data collection routine</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print("#0"); // # followed by channel number of data</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print(dat); </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.write(255);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> dat = analogRead(A1); // Replace this with a call to whatever data collection routine</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print("#0"); // # followed by channel number of data</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print(dat); </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.write(255);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> dat = analogRead(A2); // Replace this with a call to whatever data collection routine</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print("#0"); // # followed by channel number of data</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print(dat); </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.write(255);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> dat = analogRead(A3); // Replace this with a call to whatever data collection routine</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print("#0"); // # followed by channel number of data</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print(dat); </span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.write(255);</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.print("^^3001"); // This tells RSP to time stamp it</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> Serial.write(255); // all commands end with this character.</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> return;</span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"> }</span><br />
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radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-32098632006189219112016-10-17T04:28:00.002+01:002016-10-17T04:59:37.999+01:00Use SDR# with Radio-Sky Spectrograph!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyHeZ3uINQ9PeLx8qO45OTE3FbkCGYHe2iTlD1nfvnx0XMjC1zSL4UrliuZu5ikR2Sa7Ds7sToiUcQH2Cm3CMcnMQBgtUtXaPLKnqw0OnpuRNh44t3aIgE3X76k6EFo-T6jLtFZ9fzeKI/s1600/AJ4CO20160805.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyHeZ3uINQ9PeLx8qO45OTE3FbkCGYHe2iTlD1nfvnx0XMjC1zSL4UrliuZu5ikR2Sa7Ds7sToiUcQH2Cm3CMcnMQBgtUtXaPLKnqw0OnpuRNh44t3aIgE3X76k6EFo-T6jLtFZ9fzeKI/s320/AJ4CO20160805.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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I have touted Radio-Sky Spectrograph (RSS) before. Its main purpose was/is for observing <a href="http://radiosky.com/rjcentral.html" target="_blank">Jupiter decametric radio emissions</a>, but has been adopted for solar and other observations. It was written to support a very specific kind of swept frequency receiver, the FS series. RSS is used to save, review, and stream the HF spectral data. With the help of the Agawa observatory in Japan, I was able to add the SDR-14 from <a href="http://rfspace.com/" target="_blank">rfspace</a>. Unfortunately, the SDR-14 receiver, is no longer produced though you will see them for second hand sale on occasion. We went along like that for a few years and then the RTL Dongle windfall happened. I fully understand the limitations of these $20 radios, but I am also awed by the capability one acquires for the price of a few ounces of denture cream. Add a <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2015/07/charting-power-from-rtl-dongle.html" target="_blank">FM Trap</a> and a few feet of wire and you have access to a lot of RF spectrum.</div>
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During the last couple of years we have added <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2015/09/rtl-wide-spectrum-update.html" target="_blank">stacked RTL dongle</a> spectra, the affordable and capable <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2016/08/sdrplay-receiver-support-for-radio-sky.html" target="_blank">SDRPlay</a>, and now, thanks to contributor, Alan Duffy, you can also mate RSS with any radio that <a href="http://airspy.com/download/" target="_blank">SDR#</a> supports! That includes the excellent <a href="http://airspy.com/" target="_blank">AirSpy</a> radio, In fact, you could use any radio in this list!<br />
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I can't tell you what a relief it is to me that Alan wrote this plugin for SDR#. We had a good interface to SDRPlay thanks to Nathan Townes, but I was getting inquiries for support for <a href="https://greatscottgadgets.com/hackrf/" target="_blank">HackRF</a> and AirSpy. I ached for way to connect to the rfspace networked radios, and now it is possible. Now we are using SDR# as a intelligent gateway between RSS and numerous other radios. A wonderful reason to use SDR# and Alan's plugin is that you can listen in on the spectrum using audio demodulation. When using <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2015/03/hf-update-to-rtl-bridge.html" target="_blank">RTLBridge</a>, for example, you cannot hear the audio. Audio can be helpful in identifying interference. Plus it is just fun to listen, sometimes.<br />
<br />
If you don't already have SDR# installed, go to <a href="http://airspy.com/download/">http://airspy.com/download/</a> and download it. There is no real installation process. You just need to unzip the files to a folder and create a shortcut to the SDRsharp.exe on your desktop. Remember where the folder is because you are going to add a file to it and modify another.</div>
<div>
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<div>
<b>Now go to <a href="http://1420mhz.wixsite.com/website/single-post/2016/10/12/SDR-Radio-Sky-Spectrograph-Plugin">Alan's website and read his instructions</a> for installing the RSS Plugin.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b></div>
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When successfully installed, somewhere in the list of expanding menus on the left column you will find Radio-Sky Spectrograph. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_59PHQ4GcRc4fQiaF-l-bwnZU7FYE1YoonaaiNodd3ZeIGtW9vqZBNv1O5bbob5ksVb4PooNXCeTvTOtk_Lohmh31VWT2Rz6Qoq4U2tc3cUnVq7ewtCiI2GAlo_E7_Xf2orY4RnFaxpc/s1600/RSSPlugin.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_59PHQ4GcRc4fQiaF-l-bwnZU7FYE1YoonaaiNodd3ZeIGtW9vqZBNv1O5bbob5ksVb4PooNXCeTvTOtk_Lohmh31VWT2Rz6Qoq4U2tc3cUnVq7ewtCiI2GAlo_E7_Xf2orY4RnFaxpc/s1600/RSSPlugin.PNG" /></a></div>
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Expand the menu by clicking the right pointing arrow. When your radio is running you will have the option to enable a network connection with RSS on the loopback address 127.0.0.1. In effect, this plugin makes SDR# a data source for RSS. <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2015/07/how-to-talk-to-radio-sky-spectrograph.html">The programs converse via a channel that was initially designed for reduced data from a RTL dongle.</a> Clicking that <b>Enabled</b> box makes the RSS Plugin listen for a connection request from RSS. RSS sends this request when configured for RTL Bridge and you press the RSS <b>Start</b> button. You must also be in Server or Stand Alone mode.</div>
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When using this interface the frequency is determined in the host (SDR#) software as set by the user. You do not need to input the frequency range or number of channels in RSS. The number of channels is currently limited to a maximum of 512 and a minimum of 50. </div>
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<div>
So there you go! Thanks to Alan Duffy and the folks at AirSpy you can use a whole host of SDR radios with RSS. </div>
radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-89352048895329381492016-08-01T06:23:00.000+01:002016-08-01T06:23:03.609+01:00SDRPlay Receiver Support for Radio-Sky SpectrographThanks to the efforts of Nathan Towne, we now have the ability to use a new receiver with Radio-Sky Spectrograph (RSS). The SDRPlay has been getting some good reviews from users and I am pretty happy with it also. This is a 12 bit SDR capable of 8 MHz of bandwidth. It requires no upconverter for HF work and has some built in bandpass filtering. It is a far better radio than the standard RTL dongle receivers. I bought my SDRPlay from <a href="http://www.hamradio.com/detail.cfm?pid=H0-014408" target="_blank">Ham Radio Outlet</a> and the shipping was free. I suggest that before you try to use the SDRPlay with RSS that you first get it working with <a href="http://www.hdsdr.de/" target="_blank">HDSDR</a> or the new <a href="http://www.sdrplay.com/windows.html" target="_blank">SDRuno</a> software. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJpiEWPXdnVaZTikOOC7eueFrQlVm1iyeJJjr7xa8FYDoYjlyvnD-VPIyTS1MyC7Z-q0l-n6CdarKDpnpX-aQpFFV043H_ft03zPbPvjcBxkY7K1AuBnToufkNDQkptYsoYE7nEeg_YCk/s1600/sdrplay.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJpiEWPXdnVaZTikOOC7eueFrQlVm1iyeJJjr7xa8FYDoYjlyvnD-VPIyTS1MyC7Z-q0l-n6CdarKDpnpX-aQpFFV043H_ft03zPbPvjcBxkY7K1AuBnToufkNDQkptYsoYE7nEeg_YCk/s320/sdrplay.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
Note the SDRPlay comes with no USB cable. It is powered via USB which may need to have an ferrite clamp around choke attached if you pick up computer buzz.. The receiver has a single SMA female connector. If you hang some adapters off of it the way I did above, be sure they are well supported and do not put a strain on the SMA.<br />
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As with <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2015/03/hf-update-to-rtl-bridge.html" target="_blank">RTL Bridge</a>, a intermediary program sits between RSS and the receiver. This program was written by Nathan Towne and is named SDRPlay2RSS, not too surprisingly. This is a dot NET program and if you are up to date on your dot NET run-time updates you should be fine. Installation is a no brainer as SDRPlay2RSS comes with the RSS 2.8.18 update. SDRPlay2RSS does not come with the current full install of RSS so you must do the Full install and then the Update.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5HnuMGFtwqk4_G1y-8fXsJBnZmmtM8IAI0qOYqvJKmjXV3qYn41nxu_TxzfPljZrCTCOdj5EsZZG4q8JlX3c68Ffm65pcRSoH1KuGfTCOVqrVQ9XtdeiMConyIy4L2Uv-82Mmf-gU-J8/s1600/SDRPlay2RSS.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5HnuMGFtwqk4_G1y-8fXsJBnZmmtM8IAI0qOYqvJKmjXV3qYn41nxu_TxzfPljZrCTCOdj5EsZZG4q8JlX3c68Ffm65pcRSoH1KuGfTCOVqrVQ9XtdeiMConyIy4L2Uv-82Mmf-gU-J8/s640/SDRPlay2RSS.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Nathan has written for us a introduction to his software. Read it first. (I know you won't but I am compelled by experience to suggest you do.) In version 2.8.18 or above of RSS click Help / SDRPlay Help to see Nathan's documentation. This points to a hard copy of the html file now tucked under Spectrograph/SDRPlay/doc/. <br />
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In version 2.8.18 or above of RSS you must select SDRPlay from the Receiver list. Make sure your SDRPlay receiver is plugged in and ready to go. In Stand Alone mode Click Start and you should see this message box pop up:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYPI6kNwwmblwx7Yc7HLro34hLYsnjlnL2AvpkC5Mdbwvt69Uv-YLL9yjK2rytU_Dc-GUFNBVeE_OBv67VgYgrg4vq_8ObGgWyySYSLdT6_dNblhPp-Qlb10LuJdBAw1IlXVir8Sdx9hI/s1600/IntegrateButton.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="113" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYPI6kNwwmblwx7Yc7HLro34hLYsnjlnL2AvpkC5Mdbwvt69Uv-YLL9yjK2rytU_Dc-GUFNBVeE_OBv67VgYgrg4vq_8ObGgWyySYSLdT6_dNblhPp-Qlb10LuJdBAw1IlXVir8Sdx9hI/s320/IntegrateButton.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Now you must direct your attention to the SDRPlay2RSS application and click that Integrate button so that it turns that nice bright yellow as shown above. Then close the message box and the magic should happen. But if it fails to happen, check that you are using a configuration that is allowed in SDRPlay2RSS. Look at Nathan's help document again. I can say that undersampling is not allowed in the SDRPlay API so you must have the Sample Rate set higher than the Bandwidth. The settings I used in the snapshot of SDRPlay2RSS above work OK on my Win7 PC. What you don't see in the snapshot is that under the Integrate menu item you can select Windowing and Polyphase Filter Bank options that will greatly improve the resolution in most cases. The second of these tools, the PFB, may draw considerable CPU time, so turning it off may help when the computer is not keeping up well. Having said that, I think you will miss the enhancement it gives in resolution.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxZbldEmpXTnkk57aj3lGl4IUcfF7P91YEteelXuaViJmlkQe-FjNx4HkcqtDAROaK5Qp95qJiXyYf7Qo-nsgDfxW51bVKwHN_NK1DVvmMo3Zb8rzzPQL7OJUoZTzDOkF9Te2HG9VtkKM/s1600/20160620PFBTest.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxZbldEmpXTnkk57aj3lGl4IUcfF7P91YEteelXuaViJmlkQe-FjNx4HkcqtDAROaK5Qp95qJiXyYf7Qo-nsgDfxW51bVKwHN_NK1DVvmMo3Zb8rzzPQL7OJUoZTzDOkF9Te2HG9VtkKM/s640/20160620PFBTest.png" width="340" /></a></div>
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The two spectra above show the difference that the PFB makes when the receiver is presented with a strong 20 MHz signal. Some may not be aware that this is an alternative view available within RSS under View / Scope View . I regret that choice of a name for this view as it should not be confused with an oscilloscope which records in the time domain. This is the view one would get using an old phosphor screen spectrum analyzer. By any name, it is sometimes a handy way to see the data.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhABu1jJXk0w63WGRgkhj1A2-ppr1x-TQWRekEgh69hH0aTyAkBkGyV8mqo5VA_qhRL7PbXLMT8LrZdhSwIKQ4M2qp5jdorelDDK_h5JCFaC6895r-ffxCTfOTbxr7OQQlvf0vB1w8jDA4/s1600/20160618T193125Solar.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhABu1jJXk0w63WGRgkhj1A2-ppr1x-TQWRekEgh69hH0aTyAkBkGyV8mqo5VA_qhRL7PbXLMT8LrZdhSwIKQ4M2qp5jdorelDDK_h5JCFaC6895r-ffxCTfOTbxr7OQQlvf0vB1w8jDA4/s640/20160618T193125Solar.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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This is a solar emission Nathan captured with the SDRPlay receiver, SDRPlay2RSS, and RSS. There is some overloading, perhaps from a station, but its effects are being contained to a reasonable chunk of spectrum. It would be interesting to measure the dynamic range of the system to see if it could be enhanced. Perhaps it will be just a matter of trial and error to get the best settings but I really would like to understand why. I hope someone will pick up that torch as I am not so qualified as a measurer of things. Though perhaps I will see what I can do.<br />
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I leave you with two URLs:<br />
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If you don't have any version of RSS installed you need this one first<br />
Main Program install: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe">http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe</a><br />
<br />Then<br />
<br />
The update below is needed to support SDRPlay.<br />
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<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph_Update_2_8_18.exe">http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph_Update_2_8_18.exe</a><br />
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Aloha!radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-6365653910204894542015-09-09T05:01:00.001+01:002015-09-09T05:01:18.726+01:00RTL Wide Spectrum Update<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-3dexZzBLqnd59yiFXoSWksTjfgcckmVRJNtvp0N7Aa33bX06kmTSk42l7gcVdNSBiVBy1mAqsv79j3Q9ZxyUhzMJmFq-J4OXDEYOjUF_RkLdTDxFAfjJmoivcHgy0C4ojuCouZaIk38/s1600/RSS-RTLW-down-HF.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-3dexZzBLqnd59yiFXoSWksTjfgcckmVRJNtvp0N7Aa33bX06kmTSk42l7gcVdNSBiVBy1mAqsv79j3Q9ZxyUhzMJmFq-J4OXDEYOjUF_RkLdTDxFAfjJmoivcHgy0C4ojuCouZaIk38/s640/RSS-RTLW-down-HF.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Usable wide spectrum displays from RTL dongle receivers down to 5 MHz without an upconverter!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Raydel, CM2ESP, has released a new version of his wide spectrum implementation of the RTL dongle drivers from Osmocom. In the last post about this in June, we looked at a stacked spectrum output as it appeared on Radio-Sky Spectrograph (RSS). The spectrum in that version obviously did not display even gain over frequency. Even a single spectrum from the RTL (and other SDRs) has a diminished "gain" at the edges due to the windowing in the FFT process. This drop off at the edges was quite apparent in these stacked spectra (see below), Raydel eliminated this problem by using only the central portion of each spectrum, and then using more spectra in the stack to make up for the omitted slices.<br />
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<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEkD1UTe4sOhLC1kJBGHZSzc9v07iRP40FKxzvgtbI81iDxYiVGaA8PVJjo52QOyf0mz0Lwlmawv4kxH7c9mtnHUzpzfSKJG4N5sAQUbfTv5fzJxojA6VrejFSqKOKZLAsXUFCuTpWqq8/s1600/CM2ESP_caption_01.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEkD1UTe4sOhLC1kJBGHZSzc9v07iRP40FKxzvgtbI81iDxYiVGaA8PVJjo52QOyf0mz0Lwlmawv4kxH7c9mtnHUzpzfSKJG4N5sAQUbfTv5fzJxojA6VrejFSqKOKZLAsXUFCuTpWqq8/s640/CM2ESP_caption_01.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The original RTL Wide Spectrum display showed strong banding due to decreased gain at the band edges.</td></tr>
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Raydel's new code has 3 spectrum frequency spans that you may use, 7.68 MHz , 15.36 MHz, and 30.72 MHz. The correspond to the Narrow, Medium, and Wide in <span style="color: #134f5c;">#Scan Bandwidth Mode</span>, The lowest frequency is specified instead of the central frequency. You can select from 240 or 480 frequency channels in the RSS output. Raydel, included a spike filter. The<span style="color: #134f5c;"> #Output Mode</span> is designated as Power or Voltage. I am not sure of the math behind this but the Power setting seems to be less sensitive but with more dynamic range than the Voltage setting. Finally, there is a <span style="color: #134f5c;">#Post FFT applied gain</span> parameter that you will need to play with to get the output in the right range for output to RSS.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8znvgFxyX4zj2wCE8uV928pGhzLGG6MLf2YhjC_hQ7hlSKHVGpp2F7Ir7vyw64euMguV7r0bBBdzkB72RHgWDBaoJA76YFixk_CVfgpo2rfx1nXF5geSuR-TNGErj_xADtshXD3cEp5I/s1600/solarsweepertest.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8znvgFxyX4zj2wCE8uV928pGhzLGG6MLf2YhjC_hQ7hlSKHVGpp2F7Ir7vyw64euMguV7r0bBBdzkB72RHgWDBaoJA76YFixk_CVfgpo2rfx1nXF5geSuR-TNGErj_xADtshXD3cEp5I/s640/solarsweepertest.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I made this scan using CM2ESP's new application and a short antenna. The content does not matter except that it shows significantly less banding than the previous image RTL Wide Spectrum.</td></tr>
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The new wide spectrum program (Solar Sweeper) uses an INI file like the following:<br />
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<span style="color: #134f5c;">#RTL Solar Sweeper RSS Server Config File.</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">#DON'T MODIFY LAYOUT!!! Change only values.</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">#Gain of RTL Dongle (eg: 28.0)</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">49.6</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">#Scan Lower Frequency in MHz (eg: 20.5)</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;"> 17</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">#Scan Bandwidth Mode (0 is Narrow, 1 is Medium and 2 for Wide)</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">0</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">#Rudimentary Spike Filter (0 is OFF, 1 is ON)</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">0</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">#Output Mode (0 is Power, 1 is Voltage)</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">1</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">#Channels Number (0 for 240; 1 for 480)</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">0</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">#Post FFT applied gain (eg: 500)</span><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;">500</span><br />
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<br />
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You won't have to manually write to the INI file. I built a configuration panel for RTL Wide Spectrum,<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjplpnnhAYl8E1Wut43Hd-Ac2DrTVomzbD7GEO_dFBE_W2HmpXpQWhoPzOgldZlT8fIN6brSh60OnbKB8tAztWCzKmG9JIVYiBHuf5UNAiGKAFw-P1Qdfa5VKj6567EfEkTL6MYEaFkH9g/s1600/RTLWconfigure.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjplpnnhAYl8E1Wut43Hd-Ac2DrTVomzbD7GEO_dFBE_W2HmpXpQWhoPzOgldZlT8fIN6brSh60OnbKB8tAztWCzKmG9JIVYiBHuf5UNAiGKAFw-P1Qdfa5VKj6567EfEkTL6MYEaFkH9g/s320/RTLWconfigure.PNG" width="150" /></a></div>
As with the earlier version, Raydel's new code can use frequencies below 24 MHz with the R820T tuner because we are using the low frequency enabled version of rtlsdr.dll. With one of my computers I was able to get down to 17 MHz without an upconverter. On another, I could get lower but I had to max out the tuner gain to see anything. Raydel reports a better result at lower frequencies, though he also uses a high tuner gain. Look at Fig 1. above. He was able to scan down to 5 MHz without an upconverter,<br />
<br />
The stacked spectra do not always give a perfect display. The RTL receivers are very prone to overload, especially when the tuner gain is set high and of course when strong signals are present. This can manifest as flaring across the spectrum, so sometimes you will see a given frequency slice that is much brighter across its entire bandwidth than its neighbors. Try different gain settings. You should only be using the maximum tuner gain when you must. <br />
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RSS update, requires previous install of RSS. If you do not have RSS <a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe" target="_blank">get it here</a>. Then do the update found at<a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph_Update_2_6_1.exe" target="_blank"> http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph_Update_2_6_1.exe</a><br />
<br />
<br />
Everything you need except for the USB drivers is contained in the latest version of RSS. CM2ESP's application now named SolarSweeper.exe lives in a directory named RTLW below the Spectrograph program directory. After doing the RSS update, go to Options / Radio and select RTL Wide Spectrum. Then press the Configure RTLW button to set up the INI parameters. Click Update and then Start. As before, you must have the drivers from Zadig to make this work. You can get those when installing <a href="http://airspy.com/" target="_blank">SDR#</a>, a nice app that you will want anyway to work with your dongle. My understanding is that if you are using Windows 10 you will need the latest Zadig drivers. SDR# is useful for actually listening to modulated signals, whereas RSS just displays a spectrum in a way that is useful for doing some radio science.<br />
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<br />radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-57404037816111128862015-07-25T04:45:00.000+01:002018-11-22T22:25:35.513+00:00How to Talk to Radio-Sky Spectrograph<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGBSfbGJ-HwCyfRLbn1FDDXz5tqsXDBGvwsFATFHA9AkBvRvwi_uiwjQDOVQNSoDVHLuDq7AFKD0tmhOjAezwH-xEj1z3gXUUO9On1Z6Nw_rO3HuSlQbg86Ig9QZ2VQ4GU0dsGm2Ly5w/s1600/1409172655_WCCRO_solar+flare.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGBSfbGJ-HwCyfRLbn1FDDXz5tqsXDBGvwsFATFHA9AkBvRvwi_uiwjQDOVQNSoDVHLuDq7AFKD0tmhOjAezwH-xEj1z3gXUUO9On1Z6Nw_rO3HuSlQbg86Ig9QZ2VQ4GU0dsGm2Ly5w/s640/1409172655_WCCRO_solar+flare.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Solar flare recorded on our very first radio spectrograph at the Lanihuli observatory on Oahu. This is the ten minute (approx) view. A more detailed one minute view is also available. The frequency in MHz is displayed on the right.</td></tr>
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Radio-Sky Spectrograph (RSS) was designed specifically to display solar and Jupiter radio spectra. When we (Richard Flagg and I) designed our first HF spectrograph, the FS200 (still operating more that 10 years later at the Windward Community College Lanihuli Observatory in Hawaii), we limited ourselves to 200 "channels" or frequencies for each "scan" or "sweep". We also tried to obtain 10 scans per second. These parameters were arrived at based on an educated guess as to what we could physically accomplish consistent with goal of seeing Jupiter S and L Bursts in some detail. The FS200 is a sweeping type spectrograph as opposed to the more modern approach of using an FFT to derive a spectrum from a software defined radio or SDR. Our system needed to save about 2000 two-byte samples per second. Although back then this seemed like a lot of hard drive space, today saving a couple hundred megabytes per day is not a big deal.<br />
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In live mode, RSS provides two views of the same spectrum with different time scales. This is useful for seeing the last minute of data and the last 10 minutes of data (depending on the sweep rate). For Jupiter this was optimum for seeing how the storm was progressing overall, and in detail. It also turned out to be a good compromise for solar activity. We have found it better to have frequency on the Y axis and time on the X. This is not the usual format for other SDR programs. We use high frequency at the top in contrast to many scientific displays which chose the opposite convention for some reason I have never understood.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAVu-AbAeHNyLq5XS9pk6G5CvT_tAAZ4OEWEKjCBx1dXuqEbFqQDgp1dk3A2vqXXPpyRCppBk7QzXho_xTdWbcaz_DonaqHyeOwzI0Hpb4T_NXQHt4jPys6DXTNKDDan0vPI2NoEYx4CI/s1600/RSS_slope.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAVu-AbAeHNyLq5XS9pk6G5CvT_tAAZ4OEWEKjCBx1dXuqEbFqQDgp1dk3A2vqXXPpyRCppBk7QzXho_xTdWbcaz_DonaqHyeOwzI0Hpb4T_NXQHt4jPys6DXTNKDDan0vPI2NoEYx4CI/s400/RSS_slope.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">You can measure the slope of any feature on the spectrogram with just a couple of clicks.</td></tr>
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Most SDR programs provide very useful waterfall spectral displays, but I only know of one program other than RSS that allows you to save the reduced spectrum data, and I don't think it is out yet. Most programs provide for saving the entire bandwidth that the SDR is processing, often millions of samples per second. This is great for communications because you can go back and demodulate any signal in the bandpass from the saved signal, however, it is currently impractical for long periods of time to save that much data. For our radio astronomy purposes, we don't need all of that data unless we want to do some kind of imaging or interferometry. Within the next couple years RSS is scheduled to provide support for saving files in NASA's CDF format which is a scientific standard. RSS has turned out to be a very practical display and file saving tool for event based radio astronomy. RSS is free and can be <a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe" target="_blank">downloaded here</a>. If using Win 7 or up I suggest you run tRSS as administrator so that Windows doesn't get mad about it writing to the program directory. You can use the program in <b>Client Mode</b> to view live spectra from other RSS users. Unfortunately, the help is minimal and out of date, but there is a group of people working on creating a manual for RSS. <br />
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<h4>
Sold! How do I use RSS with my receiver?</h4>
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If you want the functionality that RSS provides but you do not have one of the receivers RSS supports, you can send your data to RSS over a TCP connection as long as you format it properly. This assumes you know how to get reduced spectral data from your receiver (or can reduce the raw data ) and that you know how to do a little programming in Python, Java, VB, or whatever.<br />
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Your program must act as a TCP server and listen for a connection on <span style="color: #b45f06;">port 8888</span> of the loopback address <span style="color: #b45f06;">127.0.0.1</span>. Configure RSS under <b>Options /Radio</b> to <b>RTL Bridge / TCP. </b>When you press the Start Button in RSS, it will attempt to connect to your custom software server. Your program should accept the connection and send this string back to RSS:<br />
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<span style="color: #134f5c;">"F " & CenterFrequencyHertz & "|" &"S "& BandwidthHertz & "|" & "O " & OffsetHertz & "|" & "C " & NumberOfChannels & "|"</span><br />
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For example:<span style="color: #134f5c;"> F 21000000|S 5000000|O 0|C 500</span><br />
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This would tell RSS that the center frequency of the observation is 21 MHz. The bandwidth is 5 MHz, so the display will run from 21 + 2.5 to 21 - 2.5 MHz, or 18.5 MHz to 23.5 MHz. The O is for the offset and is useful for when a downconverter is used. Here O is set to zero. Finally, C denotes the number of channels. This is currently limited to 100 - 512 channels. Each of these parameters is separated by the pipe symbol "|".<br />
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The data itself is in two byte binary format. Each sample is sent as a binary word with LoHi byte order and should be restricted to 12 bit digitization. The data is sent with the highest frequency first, descending to the lowest. At the end of each sweep two FE hex bytes (254 decimal) are sent. and the next sweep begins. There are no timestamps. RSS keeps track of the time and assumes an even sweep rate.<br />
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If you run into trouble just contact me at radiosky (at) radiosky (dot) com. or via the comments. I would love to know if you write something that can send your spectra for display to RSS. Perhaps, you would like to share it with others.<br />
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<br />radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-1843875918216477402015-07-16T20:20:00.003+01:002015-07-17T03:49:03.261+01:00Charting Power from a RTL Dongle<br />
Its been a while now since I wrote RTL Bridge and made it possible to pipe the total power from the receiver bandpass to Radio-SkyPipe (RSP) for display in a strip chart. It occurred to me that I had never tested this in any more than a very superficial way. If it works in some predictable way, then the dongle-RSP combo might be useful for making power measurements. I even had a use for it, to measure the insertion loss of an inexpensive FM band trap at HF. I bought ten of the traps shown below for $0.67 each from <a href="http://www.mcmelectronics.com/product/33-341">MCM Electronics. </a>The front ends of RTL based receivers are wide open (no rf filters) and thus with their limited dynamic range, are susceptible to overload from nearby commercial radio stations. An effective trap can help this problem.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL1WdR9IPorRucIXUkz_3ODsiPimK8sdul0c5NG6OMDOjOTYy1BrM9viUAOM4SGXyVHrCdi2sR4QbhRRD4KoXJqLmflJ4xGHpngK9SNpPJeAeXwY5lQQD4spViRBo6NvCXUB9XF-BP0YE/s1600/FM_Trap2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL1WdR9IPorRucIXUkz_3ODsiPimK8sdul0c5NG6OMDOjOTYy1BrM9viUAOM4SGXyVHrCdi2sR4QbhRRD4KoXJqLmflJ4xGHpngK9SNpPJeAeXwY5lQQD4spViRBo6NvCXUB9XF-BP0YE/s320/FM_Trap2.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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For this and most things, I use the RTL dongles with a 2 MSPS sample rate. This translates to a 2 MHz wide bandwidth. For this test I have the gain set at maximum for the R820T2 tuner. The center frequency is 20 MHz which means I am using the low frequency enabled version of the rtlsdr.dll. I use 20 MHz because I have a noise source calibrated at that frequency (RF2080 C). I also have a RF2010 noise generator with a built in binary step attenuator capable of 31dB total attenuation. The noise temperature ranges from about 3000 Kelvin to 3200000 K. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2yvYrbWANOz5RghWKwKJZHss60seymkHIi0s2x5VIBVr1V-0s997hfpgv_8kywR0pIEFxC38hSnSKPo34Kvs5DSYIqE0Qec9eO-6VzgCh7PXFTmrwfE8HoHs1Q_q2FAthiFXOhPK0_Uk/s1600/RTL_Test_Power.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2yvYrbWANOz5RghWKwKJZHss60seymkHIi0s2x5VIBVr1V-0s997hfpgv_8kywR0pIEFxC38hSnSKPo34Kvs5DSYIqE0Qec9eO-6VzgCh7PXFTmrwfE8HoHs1Q_q2FAthiFXOhPK0_Uk/s640/RTL_Test_Power.bmp" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Basic test setup for determining how well RTL + Radio-SkyPipe can measure rf power.</td></tr>
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Basically, the test procedure consisted of warming up the RF2010, and stepping through the binary switches (reversed to put the LSB on the left!) in one dB increments and using the Get Average function in RSP to average the signal for 10 seconds. I manually wrote down each value on a sheet of graph paper. The values read from RSP had no real meaning until I would later go back and create an easy straight line equation to relate the raw numbers to the power arriving from the noise generator. Simply calibrate. What I hoped to see was a plot of a straight line but what I saw was this:<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPQn_C4FNQflTND4qClTF9pTUkvfJTzr9BmBE-26X2_gO8Dm2Gh-5XFhinAlxgW2zu6GVSn41kWiXR47Wm8rRHjk3zexC6n_alu2uzg8_uus1wenULeEJeGfbB3PveAScdNClrCEHwvTM/s1600/RTLPowerCurveWithLine3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPQn_C4FNQflTND4qClTF9pTUkvfJTzr9BmBE-26X2_gO8Dm2Gh-5XFhinAlxgW2zu6GVSn41kWiXR47Wm8rRHjk3zexC6n_alu2uzg8_uus1wenULeEJeGfbB3PveAScdNClrCEHwvTM/s640/RTLPowerCurveWithLine3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Measured output (Y) are raw values from Radio-SkyPipe. The X axis is the amount of attenuation in dB <u>removed</u> from the path between the noise source (approx 3.2 million K) and the RTL dongle receiver with a R820T2 tuner.caption</td></tr>
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"Its not linear", I thought. It looks like it has a sinusoidal shape. If tried to find a function that makes the data conform with reality. I would then apply the function to the incoming data using the RSP Equation feature so that the data would scale to something meaningful like noise temperature or dBm. Even without calibration, RSP should be able to tell me how much loss incurs from inserting the FM Trap in line to the antenna (or noise source ).<br />
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I tried a couple of curve fitting calculators on the web to see if I could get a regression fit of some kind, Unfortunately none of the "curve fitters" made any improvement over a straight line fit. Divergence from my hoped for straight line may on the low end just be due to approaching the HF noise figure limitation of the RTL. On the high end we may be reaching compression. There is no filter in line with the 25000K noise source so the input of the dongle is exposed to a very wide band noise signal.<br />
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Good Enough </h3>
Along the middle 60% there is very good linearity which indicates that Dongle->RTL Bridge->Radio-SkyPipe combo performs well as a power detector at 20 MHz. Below about -93 dBm or 18000K and above -77 dBm or 772000K linearity suffers some. <br />
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So back to the FM Trap insertion loss problem. The question again is "Will the trap degrade my use of the RTL Dongle at 20 MHz?". So I measured using a noise source with a temperature that laid along the straight part of the line. No need for calibration because we are just interested in a relative measurement. I found the loss of the trap is below the threshold of what I can measure which is about a half dB. That is a totally acceptable loss, provided that the trap is doing what it should do, reduce the signal across FM band 88 - 108 MHz. I haven't measured the bandpass above and below the FM band but I intend to try. For kicks I want to use the dongle and a broadband noise source to measure the filter. <br />
<br />radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-57967331528848909922015-06-03T04:12:00.001+01:002015-06-03T04:12:58.234+01:00New Way to Feed Radio-Sky Spectrograph with a Dongle ReceiverOne of the limitations of the RTLSDR dongle receivers is that it is hard to get more than about 2.4 MHz of bandwidth from them. Raydel Abreu Espinet, CM2ESP, has written a small Windows application that replaces RTL Bridge by speaking directly to Radio-Sky Spectrograph (RSS) . What Raydel's software does that RTL Bridge is not capable of is stacking sequential spectra so that you can view a swath of spectrum even tens of MHz wide. The program is called <i>RTL-WideSpectrum</i> (RTLW) and does its magic by simply stepping through a number of adjoining spectra and combing their outputs into the modest number of channels permitted by RSS, (512 max). It does this very quickly by working more directly to the RTL dongle than the method used by RTL Bridge ( which uses rtltcp.exe as an intermediary ). <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9zCyNcKJdAs793JkV5s0TDKEVLr14WOAIxMhOK7xJqwYZVeU4spqA8c8gqYc3D6m13Xa5u9JeKzezv-hvwul0kZ2LKjwp7USDEdCi7zXneWvMOgRFsNfUEhjiEgZDbjMWVdzFwxNIqMI/s1600/150505220635CM2ESP_caption_01.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9zCyNcKJdAs793JkV5s0TDKEVLr14WOAIxMhOK7xJqwYZVeU4spqA8c8gqYc3D6m13Xa5u9JeKzezv-hvwul0kZ2LKjwp7USDEdCi7zXneWvMOgRFsNfUEhjiEgZDbjMWVdzFwxNIqMI/s640/150505220635CM2ESP_caption_01.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
Above is a RSS spectrogram of a solar burst recorded by Raydel from 28 to 48 MHz. The horizontal banding is due to the sensitivity roll off at the edges of the 2 MHz band pass of the RTL Dongle. This can be compensated for to some degree by using the <i>Normalize</i> button in RSS. I don't know what kind of windowing RTLW is using but there may be some window function that could produce a more even spectrum. <br />
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You need to install <a href="http://sdrsharp.com/#sdrsharp" target="_blank">SDR#</a> and the Zadig driver to use Raydel's app. A<a href="http://www.rtl-sdr.com/rtl-sdr-quick-start-guide/" target="_blank"> Quick Start Guide is available here</a>. Also of course you need RSS which can be downloaded here: <a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe">http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe</a><br />
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After installing RSS, you can download and run <a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/RTL-WideSpectrum.zip" target="_blank">RTLW</a>. I have placed a copy on my website. Raydel may wish to put future versions somewhere else. Download and unzip the folder to someplace you can find it. There is no install procedure. You might want to create a shortcut to the exe file.<br />
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Plug in your dongle and try it out with SDR# first using SDR#'s own drivers. Once you are satisfied that it is working, run RTL-WideSpectrum.exe from wherever you installed it., <br />
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At first you need to select a gain and then a frequency correction. Finally you must select a total spectral width (5,10,or 20 MHz), and a center frequency for the lowest frequency spectrum.<br />
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Run RSS in stand alone mode and select <i>Options /Radio /RTL dongle receiver</i>. Then press the Start button in RSS The charts should start scrolling. If the signal looks too hot, stop the chart and restart RTLW with less gain. I am using 28 for the gain.<br />
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Raydel says that there may be some updates coming and he is aware that there are some things that could be done to make the program easier to use but what he has provided is very workable and probably as effective as you will get using this method to increase the bandwidth of the RTL generated spectra. Obviously, I would love to make RTL Bridge a better performer by using some of Raydel's methods, but I am currently just too busy to work on that project and hope you will enjoy CM2ESP's innovative work.radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-30690096304290028642015-03-02T04:42:00.000+00:002015-03-02T04:42:07.190+00:00HF Update to RTL BridgeAmateur radio astronomer Jim Brown in Pennsylvania recently successfully used a RTL Dongle, Ham-It-Up converter, and a preamp/filter built by Richard Flagg, AH6NM. Jim said I could use one of the images and here it is below.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGjRj5yu9FTkhXW-V1r9C7woI_dWTQ-xghHYt70gx7OC7AWgC9Tm9TTnJyPBvdkwrUUHgyfbjNzGOp8FCGRAQAIuH6dSA7nyz0pOclHtW6tjCP2Be29MdHb9m24N11CzWU9GOlTWgm0Zo/s1600/dongleJup.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGjRj5yu9FTkhXW-V1r9C7woI_dWTQ-xghHYt70gx7OC7AWgC9Tm9TTnJyPBvdkwrUUHgyfbjNzGOp8FCGRAQAIuH6dSA7nyz0pOclHtW6tjCP2Be29MdHb9m24N11CzWU9GOlTWgm0Zo/s1600/dongleJup.png" height="240" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jupiter noise bursts captured by Jim Brown and an RTL Dongle plus RTL Bridge and Radio-Sky Spectrograph software.</td></tr>
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I don't want to say too much about Jim's observation as I think he might write it up, but I can say that he was using my software, Radio-Sky Spectrograph (RSS), in conjunction with RTL Bridge. This proof of concept observation should be encouraging to those who would like to make spectral observations of Jupiter and the Sun using an inexpensive dongle receiver. Though not as informative as the 10 MHz wide spectrograms we have been seeing in the Radio Jove project, the spectral information does make it easy to identify Jupiter.<br />
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Recently I was able to take some time to experiment with Oliver Jowett's <a href="https://db.tt/0JuVpWBL" target="_blank"> low frequency patch</a> for the Osmocom drivers that allows extending the range of the RTL+R820T below the usual 24 MHz limit without a upconverter or hardware modification. Using a 2.04 MSPS rate, I was only able to see signals down to about 15 MHz, but many people have reported going much lower. So while at the time I write this no one has recorded Jupiter with a "naked" dongle, I hope someone will give it a shot soon. To help push that along I have repackaged RTL Bridge and RSS with the patched drivers. I have also made a couple of changes to RTL Bridge and RSS. In RTL Bridge there is now factor that can be used to scale the data appropriately for output.<br />
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<img alt="" 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" /><br />
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The new <b>Data Scale Factor</b> is multiplied with the FFT power output before it is passes to RSS. It was found that this was necessary to get readable deflections in RSS for weak signals. The other scale factor, now safely tucked into a frame titled Local Display, That factor only affects the display in RTL Bridge and does not alter the data leaving for RSS. <br />
<br />
If you do not have RSS installed, then you can get it here:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe">http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph.exe</a><br />
<br />
If you have RSS installed and just want the latest updates go to:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph_Update_2_4_21.exe">http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph_Update_2_4_21.exe</a><br />
<br />
If you are new to this please read the other blog posts I have done on RTL Bridge. You should read the <a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/RTL_Bridge_Help.html" target="_blank">help page </a>if you have not yet used RTL Bridge. Please let me know how it works out. <br />
<br />
<br />radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-39108320447309385362014-10-23T16:16:00.000+01:002014-10-23T16:16:23.725+01:00RTL Bridge Gets an UpdateRTL Bridge is a free Windows application that connects an RTL radio receiver dongle to <a href="http://radiosky.com/skypipeishere.html" target="_blank">Radio-SkyPipe</a> and Radio-Sky Spectrograph data collection programs. <a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2014/07/rtl-meets-radio-skypipe-and-rs.html" target="_blank">You can read about it in the earlier post here.</a> I have been trying to make RTL Bridge a little easier to use by making it possible to update some of the receiver options on the fly, that is, without restarting the rtl_tcp.exe with new command line parameters. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNWpuwtwEaByCMnHLwX8pVmdTO2ijpic1ODJDJeswim-Zs94euwmOPh7LJt61TJ7AMn1hfDrdzg3AxRf2xsRTgx3oXT4tq6T2wGWsvoOjV2tOcEdv9BG-STpA1q8YM-TzFvb5Ni5wF86Q/s1600/RTL_Bridge_1_1_0.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNWpuwtwEaByCMnHLwX8pVmdTO2ijpic1ODJDJeswim-Zs94euwmOPh7LJt61TJ7AMn1hfDrdzg3AxRf2xsRTgx3oXT4tq6T2wGWsvoOjV2tOcEdv9BG-STpA1q8YM-TzFvb5Ni5wF86Q/s1600/RTL_Bridge_1_1_0.PNG" height="316" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
In this version you need to stick with 128 or 256 as the FFT Size. 512 is causing an error. You will see two new check boxes labeled RTL AGC and Tuner AGC. Leave these unchecked for astronomical measurements. <br />
<br />
I had hoped to have spectrum stacking ability by now but it is harder than I thought, obviously. Stacking would allow spectra wider than 2.4 MHz. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/Spectrograph_Update_2_4_11.exe" target="_blank">If you just want the update go here</a>, but if you are trying to write an application that works with rtl_tcp.exe (like I did) then you may be interested in how to send commands to it.<br />
<br />
The Osmocom application, rtl_tcp.exe, actually handles all of the direct communications with the RTL receiver. Rtl_tcp.exe streams data over a TCP connection to RTL Bridge, but it can also receive commands that it then translates and passes on to the radio receiver to set the frequency, gain, sample rate, and other parameters. The source code for rtl_tcp.exe can be found <a href="https://github.com/steve-m/librtlsdr/blob/master/src/rtl_tcp.c" target="_blank">here</a>. Below is a copy of the first few lines of the code section that interprets the commands it receives from a client (RTL Bridge, SDR#, etc.) connected via TCP. <br />
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<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC304"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC305"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">case</span> <span class="mh">0x01</span><span class="o">:</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC306"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n"></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">// if the command byte is 01 then the parameter is the new frequency</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13;">// send that to the appropriate routine to set the frequency of the receiver</span><br />
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<span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"set freq %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC307"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">rtlsdr_set_center_freq</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC308"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC309"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">case</span> <span class="mh">0x02</span><span class="o">:</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC310"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"set sample rate %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC311"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">rtlsdr_set_sample_rate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC312"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC313"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">case</span> <span class="mh">0x03</span><span class="o">:</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC314"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"set gain mode %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC315"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">rtlsdr_set_tuner_gain_mode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC316"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC317"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">case</span> <span class="mh">0x04</span><span class="o">:</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC318"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"set gain %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC319"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">rtlsdr_set_tuner_gain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC320"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC321"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">case</span> <span class="mh">0x05</span><span class="o">:</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC322"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"set freq correction %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC323"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="n">rtlsdr_set_freq_correction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ntohl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">));</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC324"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span></span></td>
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<td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC331"><span class="p">The command consists of a single byte with the command number (above represented by the case statements) and 4 bytes that represents any value associated with the command, a long integer. This can hold the frequency, sample rate, etc.</span><br />
In RTL Bridge, I use the following VB6 code to send a command to rtl_tcp.exe :<br />
<br />
Dim FH as string<br />
Dim buf(4) as byte<br />
<br />
FH = Hex$(RTL_Frequency)<br /> While Len(FH) < 8<br /> FH = "0" + FH<br /> Wend<br /> buf(1) = Val("&H" + Left$(FH, 2))<br /> buf(2) = Val("&H" + Mid$(FH, 3, 2))<br /> buf(3) = Val("&H" + Mid$(FH, 5, 2))<br /> buf(4) = Val("&H" + Mid$(FH, 7, 2))<br /> buf(0) = 1<span style="color: #134f5c;"> ' This is the command byte - command 1 sets the frequency.</span><br /> Socket1.WriteBytes buf, 5</td>
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<td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC332"><span class="p"></span> </td>
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<td class="blob-code js-file-line" id="LC333"><span class="k">(The last statement relies on SocketWrench control from <a href="http://www.catalyst.com/" target="_blank">Catalyst software</a>.) Of course there are other ways to do this, but this is not a routine that is time critical so it is OK to use string parsing and the HEX$ function. I did it this way because it made it easy to manipulate the byte order sent to rtl_tcp.exe. From this you should be able to deduce a way to send the command. </span></td>
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radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-12917444872509094742014-09-19T05:02:00.001+01:002014-09-21T03:39:23.430+01:00Arduino to Radio-SkyPipe via EthernetRecently, I received an email from someone wanting to put<a href="http://radiosky.com/skypipeishere.html" target="_blank"> Radio-SkyPipe</a> (RSP) on a Raspberry Pi or some other microcontroller based platform. He wanted a low power consumption system for a remote location. I also have an off-grid location that I also would like to access remotely. A microwave Internet link is available but I do not want to run a remote computer full time as it would severely tax the small solar panel system. Maybe this will help both of us.<br />
<br />
Some time ago I developed a connection to Radio-SkyPipe to an Arduino controller via a serial connection. By placing enough "intelligence" in the Arduino to communicate directly with RSP using the UDS protocol, we eliminate the complexity of having a specially written UDS "driver" program that sits between RSP and the data collection device (the analog to digital converter on the Arduino). <em><a href="http://cygnusa.blogspot.com/2013/02/arduino-and-radio-skypipe.html" target="_blank">If you haven't read that post please do</a>. It will make this post seem much more intelligible.</em> Of course, the range of the serial connection is limited unless we use a modem (remember those?) Fortunately, Arduino Unos support an Ethernet shield which can then be connected to a LAN or WAN.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6KhbmItuZGvBoxKR3u3oA7iraVNBok-v76O1Xvn7vmGbDyYvUZJUwoQ-iKfaD4wCuga_Pt4d16YofE2bn3EGzUMVLWL3q6ZUoEcTt-yaSXTv1vk4D_weYEkyR_HvzG0IFDbMH8s3j0EA/s1600/ArduinoEthernetShieldV3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6KhbmItuZGvBoxKR3u3oA7iraVNBok-v76O1Xvn7vmGbDyYvUZJUwoQ-iKfaD4wCuga_Pt4d16YofE2bn3EGzUMVLWL3q6ZUoEcTt-yaSXTv1vk4D_weYEkyR_HvzG0IFDbMH8s3j0EA/s1600/ArduinoEthernetShieldV3.jpg" height="248" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image of the official Ethernet shield taken from the <a href="http://arduino.cc/">arduino.cc</a> website.</td></tr>
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The official Arduino Ethernet shield costs about $38. I advise that you buy an official board as I have heard stories of incompatibilities with some of the cheaper knock-offs. There is also a WiFi shield that can be purchased for Arduino but I do not have one to test. I assume operation would be similar to the Ethernet shield. For my purpose, I have a router at the remote location and can just plug into that directly. A SD card slot is available on the Ethernet shield and it could be very handy for storing data locally in case there is a network failure. A 4 Gig SD card could handle more than 10 years worth of data from one channel at 10 samples/second. The code I am passing on to you right now doesn't store the data locally, but perhaps I can add that feature in a future post.<br />
<br />
You must include the Libraries needed by the Ethernet shield; SPI and Ethernet.<br />
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<span style="color: black;"></span><br />
<span style="color: black;">You must apply the right settings to your Ethernet shield. There should be a sticker on the board that holds the MAC number for the chip. You will need that. You will also need the IP address that you want the board to use. The gateway and subnet mask can be retrieved from your router. The docs say they are optional but I included them.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #660000;">byte mac[] = { <br /> 0x90, 0xA2, 0xDA, 0x0D, 0xFB, 0x03 };<br />IPAddress ip(192,168,1,60);<br />IPAddress gateway(192,168,1,1);<br />IPAddress subnet(255, 255, 255, 0);</span><br />
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<span style="color: #660000;">// the default UDS port = 1377<br />EthernetServer server(1377);</span><br />
Initialize the Ethernet device in your <span style="color: #990000;">setup { }</span> routine<br />
<span style="color: #990000;"> </span><span style="color: #990000;">Ethernet.begin(mac, ip, gateway, subnet);<br /> // start listening for clients</span><br />
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It was a simple matter to change the original serial code to the Ethernet version by replacing Serial.print() and similar statements with client.print().<br />
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I did have to move the workings of the old data fetch and send routine <span style="color: #990000;">GETD()</span> to within the main loop so the client object would be in scope to send the data back to RSP. So when you see two identical blocks of code it is because I could not keep them as a separate subroutine, probably because I am new to this. It makes me feel like a baaaad programmer.<br />
<br />
At first I had a problem getting RSP to re-connect to the Arduino after I had canceled a connection. It was necessary to add the following lines to break the connection from the Ethernet boards perspective.<br />
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<span style="color: #990000;"> if (!client.connected()) {<br /> //Serial.println();<br /> //Serial.println("disconnecting.");<br /> client.stop(); <br /> }</span> <br />
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Note there are //<span style="color: #999999;">Serial.print()</span> statements peppered through the code. These can be uncommented if you want to use them for debugging. Just uncomment the appropriate lines, and use the Arduino IDE Serial Monitor to get feedback as you work on your program.<br />
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Of course, you will change the analog data read to whatever you want to record. This is just a bare bones program. You could add DHCP, additional channels, a local clock for timestamping data saved to SD card. A Telnet or Web Server interface could allow you log in and turn things off and on at the remote site. There are already libraries and example code out there to piece together a lot of functionality using not too much electrical power. Let me know what you come up with.<br />
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<a href="http://radiosky.com/skypipehelp/V2/arduino_ethernet_UDS.ino" target="_blank">Get the sketch here.</a><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSGZKgBFc9B6-qAqoGO99eJK5BbYTp7vb2pCH9ayXtlHFy_wgUz4Q0tJGXlcBoy0Yw4ZQXAwWmSx7FLy0CUNaY9BrlGWaGm2yg4Q_AFIpv8kOFIEuHPR4v1F78dZeO72CjtltHHexIInU/s1600/Ethernet_UDS_Arduino.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSGZKgBFc9B6-qAqoGO99eJK5BbYTp7vb2pCH9ayXtlHFy_wgUz4Q0tJGXlcBoy0Yw4ZQXAwWmSx7FLy0CUNaY9BrlGWaGm2yg4Q_AFIpv8kOFIEuHPR4v1F78dZeO72CjtltHHexIInU/s1600/Ethernet_UDS_Arduino.jpg" height="145" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Obligatory 2D etch-a-sketch using a pot.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-77337711042134092202014-08-26T06:15:00.000+01:002014-08-26T06:15:17.313+01:00Fear of Failure in Amateur Science<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB1qm9ynSOmm8XpLnbgU5oVEttLXZntfYCB5YUuLVIGbtORRIwcpXb0kEKnf4l6gFKDUaZyhqU-CeiwdYt5sKvgPYA44v2yv_0MgFMexoG_GZlmqtHbu27IRY0xChFe59b23KB92-ozzA/s1600/fly_machine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB1qm9ynSOmm8XpLnbgU5oVEttLXZntfYCB5YUuLVIGbtORRIwcpXb0kEKnf4l6gFKDUaZyhqU-CeiwdYt5sKvgPYA44v2yv_0MgFMexoG_GZlmqtHbu27IRY0xChFe59b23KB92-ozzA/s1600/fly_machine.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
We all get things wrong. Let's skip the nearly endless list of reasons why, and just accept it at the outset. Of course, we usually have no problem accepting that another person has made an error. It is mostly ourselves that we struggle with. We don't want to fail or have others see us as failures so we shield ourselves from these things by:<br />
<ul>
<li>Never doing anything with a possibility of failure...or</li>
<li>Adopting an unwarranted sense of infallibility.</li>
</ul>
Of course, most amateur scientists love learning new stuff even at the price of being wrong about what they thought they knew. Isn't that the rush we all look for, that tingle of discovery? Surely, most everyone <em>into</em> science understands that sensation. We all know that science is the endless process of finding out we were wrong or at least more ignorant than we had thought ourselves to be.<br />
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Sadly, this high rate of idea turnover, does not play too well in our fragile hominid psyches. We also like certainty, and we especially like it if it is our own idea that we are certain about. So what's the problem? If we get it wrong, we just switch on Turbo-Intelligence and leave our simian insecurities behind. Unfortunately, intelligence most often comes with a great deal of rationalizing ability. Turbo-intelligence is just that much worse. It is much easier to come up with things to support your hypothesis than those that would unequivocally refute it. (Note the different standards we require of each!)<br />
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When defending your position becomes more important to you than your love for <em>truth</em>, you have become not a scientist but rather a politician in a lab coat. As hard as we try not to, we tend to make this mistake over and over again in our lives, and more to the point, in science. As amateur scientists, we are more likely to lose our balance in this regard than a professional scientist who has endured years of scrutiny under the eagle eyes of their peers. But, even professional scientists succumb. They can rationalize VERY well.<br />
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We can fight the problems arising from our very human <em>fear of failure</em> by being good <u>citizen</u> scientists, with an emphasis in 'citizen'. We should foster a climate in our science communities that encourages amateurs to share their efforts via the internet in Groups, personal, and community websites. Hiding away in a basement laboratory with no contact with other amateur scientists is one certain way to make sure our efforts will never be criticized. It is also a way to almost ensure that our work will not be of the quality that it could be had we shared it with others. So come out and smell the formaldehyde. We can tell each other we are wrong (or right!) in supportive and kind ways. We must not tolerate harshness or rudeness by others in our groups. Arrogance of any type is the enemy of science.<br />
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Humbly Submitted!<br />
JS<br />
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radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-54480366948974307972014-07-27T05:17:00.000+01:002014-08-13T06:05:10.951+01:00RTL Meets Radio-SkyPipe and RS Spectrograph<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7awt5HpXTGb4heOR_n0KlSDHy-yEK2CyUJvZY2ABnxjVr-xRLW7cNqER7_q155CzoZFdoftNh9FS5asSCv2MqQjOxIHh3czAa8S8VIkOra8GdLZMs9Y4bQuvo_ZoDPNxiMpT-0d6WEa8/s1600/RTL_Bridge2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7awt5HpXTGb4heOR_n0KlSDHy-yEK2CyUJvZY2ABnxjVr-xRLW7cNqER7_q155CzoZFdoftNh9FS5asSCv2MqQjOxIHh3czAa8S8VIkOra8GdLZMs9Y4bQuvo_ZoDPNxiMpT-0d6WEa8/s1600/RTL_Bridge2.png" height="234" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
Eureka... sort of. <br />
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I have written an application that allows you to use inexpensive RTL dongle radios to feed my strip chart program, Radio-SkyPipe (RSP), and my Radio-Sky Spectrograph (RSS), with wideband data. The program is called RTL Bridge. I have never claimed to be an imaginative program namer. It works like this:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbbcvbwFGFs2IOafGdnANKQ6u17U8RN0_PBTiFVcYWEoSbRA4LL9PXkLTG1oosf5-er2HkifHfazvEP8Y3-fow0vvz2r4iaQWRi_yE95_Pj8XgIfGy5ARFrpeX9v2BqMcwKidOKGZsxhI/s1600/RTL_Bridge_Flow.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbbcvbwFGFs2IOafGdnANKQ6u17U8RN0_PBTiFVcYWEoSbRA4LL9PXkLTG1oosf5-er2HkifHfazvEP8Y3-fow0vvz2r4iaQWRi_yE95_Pj8XgIfGy5ARFrpeX9v2BqMcwKidOKGZsxhI/s1600/RTL_Bridge_Flow.png" height="122" width="320" /></a></div>
I consider this experimental as of now, and invite others to test RTL Bridge with RSS and RSP. If you think you want to try it <a href="http://radiosky.com/spec/RTL_Bridge_Help.html" target="_blank">read the help file here</a>. You will need to install RSS if you have not done so and if you already have it installed, you will need the new update. It is all in that help file. RSS is free by the way. This could be the start of a nice hydrogen line study for very little money.<br />
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<br />radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-72875779972853353712013-08-29T04:55:00.002+01:002021-08-03T06:45:05.637+01:00Radio-Sky Spectrograph<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqpq-slrBhPKqNjg0bniiWdATLadCdbUFUxjv7aChz6JKtD1FS17AioEiDgNIya79qCsEJD3Tkkw7XPXSGI1ss4Gj00EwAm4PTeb8NsADEmxk61YdjGjztjMbmMd2TT3v057cgKb8ERNA/s1600/130513160600AJ4CO+DPS-XTFD.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqpq-slrBhPKqNjg0bniiWdATLadCdbUFUxjv7aChz6JKtD1FS17AioEiDgNIya79qCsEJD3Tkkw7XPXSGI1ss4Gj00EwAm4PTeb8NsADEmxk61YdjGjztjMbmMd2TT3v057cgKb8ERNA/w640-h182/130513160600AJ4CO+DPS-XTFD.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<h2 style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
A beautiful solar storm.</h2>
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Spectra displays sure have become popular. When did you see spectra in the 1960s if it wasn't due to a rainbow or a mushroom? Now our stereos and radios are very likely to have some sort of spectral display. Adding that extra dimension of frequency reveals patterns that cannot be discerned through a speaker or on a strip chart. In the not too distant past, motors turned capacitors that tuned receivers that output spectra in terms of modulated light. This in turn exposed a slit across a slowly passing strip of photographic film. Now we can simply? sample the entire HF spectrum with an insanely fast analog to digital converter, run it through a computer and, bang your done. These new fangled technologies!<br />
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<br />
It was over 11 years ago that the <a href="http://radiojove.gsfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">Radio Jove Project</a> received funding to develop a spectrograph that could be used to see Jupiter and Sun radio emissions in the HF range from 18 to 30 MHz The device we built was designed by Richard Flagg and me over a period of more than a year. We had earlier had produced spectra by sweeping a Icom R8500 receiver using serial connection to PC. This actually produced some interesting spectra, but it was too slow to see the short duration S-Burst type of Jupiter radio emission. What's an S-Burst ? According to the <a href="http://ufro.astro.ufl.edu/decframe.htm" target="_blank">UFRO</a>:<br />
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"The <a href="http://ufro.astro.ufl.edu/sburst.mp3">S bursts</a> (S for Short) are very short in duration, have instantaneous bandwidth of a few kHz to a few tens of kHz, and drift downward in frequency at a rate of typically -20 MHz/sec. They arrive at rates from a few to several hundred bursts per second. In a 5 kHz bandwidth receiver they last for only a few milliseconds"<br />
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So we only had half of a second before the S-burst traversed the entire 10 MHz we were observing (18 to 28 MHz usually). By sweeping at 10 scans per second in the high to low frequency direction, we get at least 5 chances to see the S burst as it makes it's decent.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGl6P5yHhfb6Rf7wdI_lZZbTkxuFfag4kRGC34fqG51kV-FjqWwOuC_SYpRYsl-i3I4hdgSLokruS7SC6xLkAEsNhHeSNndYRJptveHBDZCnpCF2io7YFEAjV8yJk4Cym5-c-CbiUSNoE/s1600/SpecRcvr1.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGl6P5yHhfb6Rf7wdI_lZZbTkxuFfag4kRGC34fqG51kV-FjqWwOuC_SYpRYsl-i3I4hdgSLokruS7SC6xLkAEsNhHeSNndYRJptveHBDZCnpCF2io7YFEAjV8yJk4Cym5-c-CbiUSNoE/s320/SpecRcvr1.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FS200 prototype.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
Dick designed all of the analog electronics and I did the digital stuff and supporting software. Dick also built the spectrograph (shown below) and he really did a beautiful job, that any geek would envy. Had I built it, would have looked more like the prototype shown above. The result was a sweeping receiver that measured the radio energy in each of 200 channels about 10 times each second. The more modern approach would of course be to use a software defined radio that samples the entire HF band simultaneously. That would have been quite a challenge that long ago, so we took the more well trod path of sweeping a single channel receiver in the style of the older spectrum analyzers. We called the spectrograph the FS200, (Flagg-Sky 200 channels - which we named is a very self-congratulatory moment). It was installed in the<a href="http://jupiter.wcc.hawaii.edu/" target="_blank"> Windward Community College radio observatory</a> on Oahu, Hawaii, and is still running non-stop today.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSWgLDRfz3i6NgJVgdnSWD-ZObSxnYh1zgdKFQJcSHCYr3HLT0oX_3SZQlAxLdgk6gEyaTwR3Vbg31Ky0CujRS2qeR-OECktxmSnARzOvSr7E4gdMDC_ZRoT3_I0vnqitNG2DF0CoS4N0/s1600/FS-200B.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSWgLDRfz3i6NgJVgdnSWD-ZObSxnYh1zgdKFQJcSHCYr3HLT0oX_3SZQlAxLdgk6gEyaTwR3Vbg31Ky0CujRS2qeR-OECktxmSnARzOvSr7E4gdMDC_ZRoT3_I0vnqitNG2DF0CoS4N0/s320/FS-200B.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FS200B production model spectrograph with an automated step calibrator on the bottom panel. Everything can be controlled remotely via the serial port attached PC. From the front of the rack you just see an led, reset button, and perhaps a switch (can't remember). Basically, a DDS controls a receiver with a log detector. A micro-controller manages everything.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
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The results were beyond our expectations. We could see Jupiter spectral emissions in detail that only the <a href="http://www.obs-nancay.fr/" target="_blank">Nancay</a> observatory in France could outdo.<em> OK, I have no proof or even evidence of that, but it would be nice if true.</em> A second instrument was built and coupled to the then viable University of Florida TP array. Unfortunately, thieves have since decided the unmanned observatory was more useful as a source of scrap metal than as a scientific facility. Luckily the FS200B was saved and has been relocated. It is currently operated by Dave Typinski. Dave, Wes Greenman, and Jim Brown have been putting instruments to use and producing <u>spec</u>tacular results. More spectrographs will be coming on line over time and of course the WCCRO machine is almost always available for viewing though it sometimes has interference issues.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1Mov3znfu-LeMzLbkJL7JVl7tOYqvHqns-sUTgy8_HRH_Cb4hZSUkayMmtLZDiDFEHhyphenhyphenV8oMl2IlybQqBjEKptqTjyt0AhlA8T_2mpc6U7ogCsMRc8Vv6ykdig8OutvOXNRmUelPcIcA/s1600/Jupiter_April_24_2004_3.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvo3CwijEKGQQGCVxg9dZVIltB8r-ex-IQl69f5qhbiiff9gGRFWaB_dqh-a0nbZEzAly-pmzcpo5KHhHz_s8VdxQrYYLld8eraU7IBLFhv5oCE6oa2m_vT_3tLT1I_5TCt6mQ_0dyOt0/s1600/Jupiter_April_24_2004_3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvo3CwijEKGQQGCVxg9dZVIltB8r-ex-IQl69f5qhbiiff9gGRFWaB_dqh-a0nbZEzAly-pmzcpo5KHhHz_s8VdxQrYYLld8eraU7IBLFhv5oCE6oa2m_vT_3tLT1I_5TCt6mQ_0dyOt0/s320/Jupiter_April_24_2004_3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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A Jupiter noise storm showing intricate structure.</div>
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Several years ago Kazu Imai of<a href="http://jupiter.kochi-ct.jp/agawa/" target="_blank"> Agawa Observatory</a> in Kochi Japan commissioned me to modify the Radio-Sky Spectrograph software (RSS) to work with <a href="http://rfspace.com/RFSPACE/Home.html" target="_blank">rfspace's</a> SDR-14 software defined receiver. Rfspace sharply foresaw that others might want to write programs for the SDR-14 and provided an easy to use ActiveX interface to the spectral data within. That made supporting their device possible. The Japan based SDR-14 is not available on line, but I mention it as a possible commercial device for people who would like to have their own spectrograph that works with RSS. The SDR-14 no longer is produced, but occasionally you will see one offered for sale in the <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/SDR14/info" target="_blank">SDR-14 users group</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8rbVeA_8TmNmNeOyCimyUnrcL1qPH-7G8_RNbAKXIpSKgQMFc8A5MTM8boxKCZWCk2uKKiHjsAHA8THaMMQSUh2IuQbgrspDomG6hC0OPlkjKgJRsFsUB-gG148rrZe-OCAHbHtFRq8E/s1600/RSS_screenshot.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8rbVeA_8TmNmNeOyCimyUnrcL1qPH-7G8_RNbAKXIpSKgQMFc8A5MTM8boxKCZWCk2uKKiHjsAHA8THaMMQSUh2IuQbgrspDomG6hC0OPlkjKgJRsFsUB-gG148rrZe-OCAHbHtFRq8E/s320/RSS_screenshot.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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RSS in Client Mode. Four servers were available at the time this was copied.</div>
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But anyone can <a href="http://jupiter.wcc.hawaii.edu/spectrograph_software.htm" target="_blank">download and use RSS</a> and link to one of several spectrographs that are available over the internet. The software is completely free. RSS has Stand Alone / Server / and Client modes just like Radio-SkyPipe. Of course, you need an SDR-14 or one of Richard Flagg's custom receivers to use the first two modes. I will apologize beforehand that there is not much in the way of help available for users of the program. Let me know if you get stuck on some aspect of the program.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnECcD16CjVopuPMWnOjyDq3OUwTz-pIFLAR6ld-C6WUEu9r4Kk-XUtMqBkudEIUiQxEypaZWEIcJX9z90F-5RcUq1lOO5H2cSSraOz1yrJuV6MDVT92ia3Cy6MUsH4ApKXkr4F_cQxK4/s1600/JB_1304231505_solar.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnECcD16CjVopuPMWnOjyDq3OUwTz-pIFLAR6ld-C6WUEu9r4Kk-XUtMqBkudEIUiQxEypaZWEIcJX9z90F-5RcUq1lOO5H2cSSraOz1yrJuV6MDVT92ia3Cy6MUsH4ApKXkr4F_cQxK4/s320/JB_1304231505_solar.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Strong solar bursts.</div>
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More recently we developed a "stereo" version for looking at right and left hand signals simultaneously. This project was commissioned by Dave Typinski and we really hope to see some great results from this device in the upcoming Jupiter season. radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-21361753089338719902013-08-16T04:24:00.002+01:002013-08-16T04:24:08.852+01:00A Beautiful Analog Voltage MeterI do not remember when or where I purchased this meter but I always fantasized about using it as the output of some modern complex circuit. I suppose that might be called a vaguely steampunkish idea. In any case, I feel compelled to share this elegant design with you.<span id="goog_2033936170"></span><span id="goog_2033936171"></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-FuPVGOoMGPs-ngh7Jw1wOdlcEq5YBT72AcpnKZjg3FshbCj7UEvIEHP5kfAtRWFewduQHcj93432cbxXpGAKeTzlTSZzBKK4-3Wf46MFBhExDuxitdAS_9hZ5KbOR9V8SIjblR5hYXQ/s1600/20130805_211942-72810631.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-FuPVGOoMGPs-ngh7Jw1wOdlcEq5YBT72AcpnKZjg3FshbCj7UEvIEHP5kfAtRWFewduQHcj93432cbxXpGAKeTzlTSZzBKK4-3Wf46MFBhExDuxitdAS_9hZ5KbOR9V8SIjblR5hYXQ/s320/20130805_211942-72810631.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<span id="goog_394400145"></span><span id="goog_394400146"></span><br />
This voltmeter covers up to 20 volts. Once zeroed, I found that it tracked very precisely with an applied voltage as measured on a DVM. What is unusual about the meter is the pointer which manifests as a floating triangle of light projected onto the vertical scale from behind. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilvWjr1rNODF31jKycjNEYRgVpUu5WSL8fh0_Uw5rLikvVfdJ4LjPxKJIDOC3SM3dvHUI1T3zQJihupqCS_WRFbKP_WiHXYmXHK2e0DG0NXlKiINE0S1aZNI2A3611-gAW9Dy2kVgeSeI/s1600/20130805_2243141034702150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilvWjr1rNODF31jKycjNEYRgVpUu5WSL8fh0_Uw5rLikvVfdJ4LjPxKJIDOC3SM3dvHUI1T3zQJihupqCS_WRFbKP_WiHXYmXHK2e0DG0NXlKiINE0S1aZNI2A3611-gAW9Dy2kVgeSeI/s320/20130805_2243141034702150.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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The light source is a 6 volt incandescent bulb. I power it with a 6.3 VAC transformer rated for a couple of amps. I didn't measure the actual current but small power transformer gets quite warm! The bulb is very bright, making the meter difficult to photograph. In normal operation the meter would be in an enclosure and the light would be hidden except for the arrow image projected through the translucent linear scale. <br />
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This is what I saw after removing the numerous small screws from the side panel.<br />
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The light bulb is positioned above the image and passes through a crisp metal mask that forms the pointer arrow shape. The beam reflects from a fixed mirror on the opposite side of the case. The reflected light then passes through a focusing lens and onto a mirror that is attached to a typical galvanic meter movement. This tiny mirror rotates with the shaft axis of the meter movement. The change in angle dictates on what portion of the linear voltage scale the pointer image falls.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqme9aRCfeYtA3gy4mgsvHq7JYp4BmkKMvp3xbuGdTItEP1rwTFxsQlvPteEljNNknMPSVbxYO9o4jKEiUqXtzyOGLUyvzsHDRXirDgXJo7DpzaDYnrk4GERI_rcrZhHFfmP3Z7DZ57N4/s1600/20130805_212945.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqme9aRCfeYtA3gy4mgsvHq7JYp4BmkKMvp3xbuGdTItEP1rwTFxsQlvPteEljNNknMPSVbxYO9o4jKEiUqXtzyOGLUyvzsHDRXirDgXJo7DpzaDYnrk4GERI_rcrZhHFfmP3Z7DZ57N4/s320/20130805_212945.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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To me this is a beautiful device. I must find a use for it. Unfortunately, it wastes a lot of power in that bright bulb. Either I must find a very occasional use for the meter or find a way to reduce how much power it uses. The scale would be perfect for measuring voltage from a PV system, but wouldn't it be ironic if the meter consumed all the power from the solar cells.</div>
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radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5212169523986403788.post-33446305292469937922013-04-03T10:13:00.000+01:002013-04-03T10:13:58.555+01:00Chart Your Solar Panel VoltageA friend of mine gave me some of his old photovoltaic, (PV), solar panels. The frame they were on had disintegrated and they had not been used in a long time. I was thrilled to have them. I decided it would be good to characterize them simply by following their voltages over a few days. I laid them out in the yard and ran a cable back to my shop a few feet away. The series connected voltage measured with a DVM showed it to be in the expected range, never to exceed about 20 volts. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A new life for some old PV cells.</td></tr>
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An old, junker laptop was available, so I combined it with a LabJack U3 - LV analog to digital converter (ADC) and my Radio-SkyPipe data logging program. The LabJack is really more than just an ADC. While here I am only interested in measuring the voltage from the panel the LabJack U3 can detect digtal states on some of its inputs and can output both digital and analog signals. The input range for the U3-LV (Low Voltage) is 0 to 2.4V in the singled ended configuration so I needed to reduce the voltage from the panels to fit in this range. A resistive voltage divider was called for. I decided to just use a 5K pot (variable resistor) instead of a calculator and a couple of fixed resistors. Using the pot has the advantage that it can be changed if you would like to alter the range or compensate for a impedance other than that presented by the LabJack analog input.<i><b> </b></i><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">LabJack U3-LV fed from a pot used as a voltage divider attached to the PV panel output.</td></tr>
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<i><b>Before hooking anything to the LabJack input: </b></i> The outer terminals on the pot should temporarily go to the positive and ground of a regulated variable DC power supply. I adjusted the power supply to 20V and then the wiper arm of the pot so that it read 2.4 V. Only then connect the wiper arm to the LabJack analog input. You may need to slightly retweak the pot after the connection is made.<br />
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This arrangement means that when read by the ADC, 20V will be produce a reading of 4095. Each step from zero to the full input voltage is 20/4096 = 0.0048828125 Volts. Forgive the ridiculous precision. I wanted to read the voltage in volts, not the number of 0.0048828125ths of a volt, so I used the Equation feature of Radio-SkyPipe that allows you to apply a function to the data read from the ADC. The Equation function is simply X*0.0048828125 .<br />
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It would be a simple matter to extend the functionality of this arrangement so that it could function as a Battery Charge Controller. I mentioned above that the LabJack U3 has a number of digital ports. We can use one these output ports to toggle a relay that connects the panels to the storage battery. Hidden away in the <a href="http://radiosky.com/skypipeishere.html" target="_blank">Radio-SkyPipe</a> program on the <b><i>Misc</i></b>. tab of <b><i>Options</i></b>, you will find the <b><i>Triggers</i></b> button. You may configure triggers that are activated by incoming chart data (in this case the PV output voltage). These triggers effect real world outputs, like the LabJack output we are using to control the battery charging relay. When the PV voltage drops below some minimal charging voltage, the relay opens disconnecting the voltage source from the battery. The photocells actually can draw current away from the battery when they are not adequately illuminated. A diode in series with the + line from the panels can also do the job at the sacrifice of the 0.7V or so that drops across the diode junction. A second Trigger may be configured to remove the PV charging voltage when it exceeds a limit corresponding to overcharging. Overcharging can seriously affect battery life. I am no battery expert, so I will leave it to you to research the voltage thresholds you want to use.<br />
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Whether or not you use RSP as a charge controller, it can be informative to monitor the voltages in your PV system over days or even over seasons. This information can be helpful in making adjustments that optimize your energy collection and usage. radioskyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03628323460157887934noreply@blogger.com3